Intra-ventromedial hypothalamic injection of cholinergic agents induces rapid hyperglycemia, hyperlactatemia and gluconeogenesis activation in fed, conscious rats

Brito, Nilton A.; Brito, Miguel; Kettelhut, Ísis C.; Migliorini, R H

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)90599-i

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…The ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) is one of the most important in control of peripheral energy metabolism (Takahashi et al, 1994). Chemical or electrical stimulation of the VMH induced an increase of glucose output from the liver and lipid mobilization from adipose tissue (Brito et al, 1993;Ruffin & Nicolaids, 1999). Conversely, disturbance of VMH functions induces hyperinsulinemia, hyperphagia, and leads to obesity (Bray & York, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetylcholinesterase Activity Changes on Visceral Organs of VMH Lesion–induced Obese Rats

Paes

Carniatto

Francisco

et al. 2006

International Journal of Neuroscience

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It is accepted that the tone of the parasympathetic nervous system increases after VMH lesion, whereas the sympathetic tone decreases. To reinforce investigations over outcomes from disturbances of the hypothalamic neuronal systems on peripheral autonomic nerve activity this study determined the acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity in visceral organs, known as vagal targets, from VMH-lesioned obese rats. It was found that AchE activity was significantly increased in liver, pancreas, and stomach from these animals. However, it was not changed in kidneys, being decreased in spleen. The results suggest that AchE activity is enhanced in vagus innervated tissues to following up the unbalance of the autonomic nervous system as observed in VMH lesion-induced obesity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetylcholinesterase Activity Changes on Visceral Organs of VMH Lesion–induced Obese Rats

Paes

Carniatto

Francisco

et al. 2006

International Journal of Neuroscience

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“…Although this stimulation of epinephrine secretion is modest, it may contribute to substrate mobilization, particularly by facilitating the hydrolysis of triglycerides in adipose tissue and by aiding glycogenolysis in liver and skeletal muscle (6). However, the physiological role of epinephrine in the regulation of skeletal muscle protein metabolism during fasting is unknown.…”

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confidence: 99%

Epinephrine depletion exacerbates the fasting-induced protein breakdown in fast-twitch skeletal muscles

Graça

Gonçalves

Silveira

et al. 2013

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Graça FA, Gonçalves DA, Silveira WA, Lira EC, Chaves VE, Zanon NM, Garófalo MA, Kettelhut IC, Navegantes LC. Epinephrine depletion exacerbates the fasting-induced protein breakdown in fast-twitch skeletal muscles. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 305: E1483-E1494, 2013. First published October 22, 2013 doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00267.2013.-The physiological role of epinephrine in the regulation of skeletal muscle protein metabolism under fasting is unknown. We examined the effects of plasma epinephrine depletion, induced by adrenodemedullation (ADMX), on muscle protein metabolism in fed and 2-day-fasted rats. In fed rats, ADMX for 10 days reduced muscle mass, the cross-sectional area of extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle fibers, and the phosphorylation levels of Akt. In addition, ADMX led to a compensatory increase in muscle sympathetic activity, as estimated by the rate of norepinephrine turnover; this increase was accompanied by high rates of muscle protein synthesis. In fasted rats, ADMX exacerbated fasting-induced proteolysis in EDL but did not affect the low rates of protein synthesis. Accordingly, ADMX activated lysosomal proteolysis and further increased the activity of the ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome system (UPS). Moreover, expression of the atrophy-related Ub ligases atrogin-1 and MuRF1 and the autophagy-related genes LC3b and GABARAPl1 were upregulated in EDL muscles from ADMXfasted rats compared with sham-fasted rats, and ADMX reduced cAMP levels and increased fasting-induced Akt dephosphorylation. Unlike that observed for EDL muscles, soleus muscle proteolysis and Akt phosphorylation levels were not affected by ADMX. In isolated EDL, epinephrine reduced the basal UPS activity and suppressed overall proteolysis and atrogin-1 and MuRF1 induction following fasting. These data suggest that epinephrine released from the adrenal medulla inhibits fasting-induced protein breakdown in fast-twitch skeletal muscles, and these antiproteolytic effects on the UPS and lysosomal system are apparently mediated through a cAMP-Aktdependent pathway, which suppresses ubiquitination and autophagy. epinephrine; fasting; muscle atrophy; protein degradation; cAMP ACTIVATION OF THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (SNS) results in the targeted release of norepinephrine (NE) from peripheral nerve endings as well as the hormonal release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla. The precise contribution of the neural and hormonal components to the regulation of catecholamine-dependent processes depends on the context and type of the stimulus (37). It is well established that sympathetic activity in different tissues is reduced by fasting, an effect that may contribute to a decrease in the metabolic rate under conditions of caloric restriction. Conversely, the adrenal medulla is stimulated or remains unaltered during fasting (50).Although this stimulation of epinephrine secretion is modest, it may contribute to substrate mobilization, particularly by facilitating the hydrolysis of triglycerides in adipose tissue and by aiding glycogenolysis i...

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“…Migliorini, em nosso laboratório, demonstraram que a injeção de agentes colinérgicos no hipotálamo de ratos foi capaz de aumentar rapidamente a glicemia, o lactato plasmático e a incorporação de 14 C-bicarbonato em glicose. Estes efeitos foram bloqueados pela adrenodemedulação indicando que o SNC é capaz de controlar a neoglicogênese hepática através da estimulação do SNS (BRITO et al, 1993;MIGLIORINI et al, 1989).…”

Section: Regulação Neural Da Produção Hepática De Glicoseunclassified

“…Sabidamente, todas essas ações adrenérgicas contribuem direta ou indiretamente para o aumento da glicemia induzida pelo estresse agudo. Além disso, a adrenalina pode estimular a neoglicogênese hepática em ratos Brito et al, 1993. demonstraram que a injeção de agentes colinérgicos no núcleo ventromedial do hipotálamo induziu rápida hiperglicemia, hiperlactacidemia e ativação da neoglicogênese em ratos alimentados e conscientes, sendo estes efeitos supressos pela adrenodemedulação.…”

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Regulação simpática de genes e enzimas chaves da neoglicogênese em fígado de roedores expostos ao frio

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Intra-ventromedial hypothalamic injection of cholinergic agents induces rapid hyperglycemia, hyperlactatemia and gluconeogenesis activation in fed, conscious rats

Cited by 24 publications

References 9 publications

Acetylcholinesterase Activity Changes on Visceral Organs of VMH Lesion–induced Obese Rats

Acetylcholinesterase Activity Changes on Visceral Organs of VMH Lesion–induced Obese Rats

Epinephrine depletion exacerbates the fasting-induced protein breakdown in fast-twitch skeletal muscles

Regulação simpática de genes e enzimas chaves da neoglicogênese em fígado de roedores expostos ao frio

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