Intraarticular injection of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells enhances regeneration in knee osteoarthritis

Abstract

Purpose This review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of intra-articular injections of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods This narrative review evaluates recent English language clinical data and published research articles between 2014 and 2019. Key word search strings of ((("bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell" OR "bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell" OR "bone marrow stromal cell")) AND ("osteoarthritis" OR "knee osteoarthritis")) AND ("human" OR "clinical"))) AND "intra-articular injection" were used to identify relevant articles using PMC, Cochrane Library, Web Of Science and Scopus databases. Results Pre-clinical studies have demonstrated successful, safe and encouraging results for articular cartilage repair and regeneration. This is concluded to be due to the multilineage differential potential, immunosuppressive and self-renewal capabilities of BM-MSCs, which have shown to augment pain and improve functional outcomes. Subsequently, clinical applications of intra-articular injections of BM-MSCs are steadily increasing, with most studies demonstrating a decrease in poor cartilage index, improvements in pain, function and Quality of Life (QoL); with moderate-to-high level evidence regarding safety for therapeutic administration. However, low confidence in clinical efficacy remains due to a plethora of heterogenous methodologies utilised, resulting in challenging study comparisons. A moderate number of cells (40 × 10 6 ) were identified as most likely to achieve optimal responses in individuals with grade ≥ 2 KOA. Likewise, significant improvements were reported when using lower (24 × 10 6 ) and higher (100 × 10 6 ) cell numbers, although adverse effects including persistent pain and swelling were a consequence. Conclusion Overall, the benefits of intra-articular injections of BM-MSCs were deemed to outweigh the adverse effects; thus, this treatment be considered as a future therapy strategy. To realise this, long-term large-scale randomised clinical trials are required to enable improved interpretations, to determine the validity of efficacy in future studies. Level of evidence IV.

Mesenchymal stem cells - a promising strategy for treating knee osteoarthritis

“…The data of the research included in this meta-analysis are detailed and meet the minimum reporting requirements agreed by experts. 37 We found that MSC-based therapy is safe. Joint pain or swelling after injection may diminish over time or following oral medication.…”

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“…Dear Editor, Stem cell therapy has been investigated by a number of basic, pre-clinical and clinical studies, and these studies have proved that stem cells are safe and effective in the treatment of many medical conditions and diseases. (1)(2)(3)(4) A study including 10 patients with confirmed diagnosis for coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), and pneumonia due to infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), reported significant improvement in symptoms of all patients treated with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with no adverse effects. Of these patients, 7 were treated with intravenous concentration of 1x10 6 cells per kilogram of body weight and 3 were treated with placebo.…”

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