Intrabasinal and extrabasinal turbidites: Origin and distinctive characteristics

Zavala, Carlos; Arcuri, Mariano

doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2016.03.008

Cited by 173 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…As gravel‐rich cohesive debris flows accelerate down a steep slope, pass the base of slope and ultimately reach the basin plain, debris flows transform into bipartite flows consisting of a fast moving basal granular flow and an upper slow moving turbidity current, and eventually into a turbidity current (Sanders, ; Mutti et al ., ; Sohn, ; Zavala et al ., ; Henstra et al ., ; Zavala & Arcuri, ). Flow transformation processes include: (i) surface transformation (dilution and stripping of surface materials) (Hampton, ); (ii) entrainment of ambient water into the main flow (Allen, ; Britter & Simpson, ; Simpson & Britter, ); and (iii) detachment and disintegration of the flow head because of hydroplaning (Mohrig et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subaqueous debris flows with hydroplaning are laminar in state and not likely to erode the sea floor (Shanmugam, ). In contrast to debris flows, turbidity currents are always turbulent in state and tend to cause erosion of the sea floor (Shanmugam, ; Zavala et al ., ; Zavala & Arcuri, ). Therefore, it is suggested that the erosive capacity of the subaqueous debris flows in the steep bolder‐fault slopes of rift basins is limited so that the debris flows are unable to strongly erode the basement to form distributary channels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sporadic floods are characterized by high density, high flow velocity and discharge, and strong hydrodynamic force, which quickly generate hyperpycnal flows (HF) after entering a low‐density lake (Mutti et al ., ; Mulder et al ., ; Zavala et al ., , ; Zavala & Arcuri, ). Flood‐generated hyperpycnal flows result in laterally extended deposits with a wide distribution area.…”

Section: Flume Tank Depositional Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depositional model for lacustrine nearshore subaqueous fans in a rift basin: The Eocene Shahejie Formation, Dongying Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China

et al. 2018

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The origin of the fourth member of the Eocene Shahejie Formation in the northern steep slopes of the Minfeng Sub‐sag, Dongying Sag, China, was investigated by integrating core studies and flume tank depositional simulations. A non‐channelized depositional model is proposed in this paper for nearshore subaqueous fans in steep fault‐controlled slopes of lacustrine rift basins. The deposits of nearshore subaqueous fans along the base of steep border‐fault slopes of rift basins are typically composed of deep‐water coarse‐grained sediment gravity‐flow deposits directly sourced from adjacent footwalls. Sedimentation processes of nearshore subaqueous fans respond to tectonic activities of boundary faults and to seasonal rainfall. During tectonically active stages, subaqueous debris flows triggered by episodic movements of border‐faults dominate the sedimentation. During tectonically quiescent stages, hyperpycnal flows generated by seasonal rainfall‐generated floods, normal discharges of mountain‐derived rivers and deep‐lacustrine suspension sedimentation are commonly present. The results of a series of flume tank depositional simulations show that the sediments deposited by subaqueous debris flows are wedge‐shaped and non‐channelized, whereas the sediments deposited by hyperpycnal flows generated by sporadic floods from seasonal rainfall are characterized by non‐channelized, coarse‐grained lobate depositional bodies which switch laterally because of compensation sedimentation of hyperpycanal flows. The hyperpycnal‐flow‐deposited non‐channelized lobate depositional bodies can be divided into a main body and lateral edges. The main body can be further subdivided into a proximal part, middle part and frontal part. Normal mountain‐derived river‐discharge‐deposited sediments are characterized by thin‐bedded, fine‐grained sandstones and siltstones with a limited distribution range. Normal mountain‐derived river‐discharge‐deposited sediments and deep‐lacustrine mudstones are commonly eroded in the area close to boundary faults. A nearshore subaqueous fan can be divided into three segments: inner fan, middle fan and outer fan. The inner fan is composed of debrites and the proximal part of the main body. The middle fan consists of the middle part of the main body and lateral edges, normal mountain‐derived river‐discharge‐deposited fine‐grained sediments and deep‐lacustrine mudstones. The outer fan comprises the frontal part of the main body, lateral edges, and deep‐lacustrine mudstones. Based on the non‐channelized depositional model for nearshore subaqueous fans, criteria for stratigraphic subdivision and correlation are discussed and applied.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flume Tank Depositional Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depositional model for lacustrine nearshore subaqueous fans in a rift basin: The Eocene Shahejie Formation, Dongying Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China

et al. 2018

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“…The high proportion of fine-grained sediment particles in very thin to medium bedding with sheet-like tabular geometry supports this interpretation. The presence of laminated mudstones is interpreted to record the deposition of the diluted portion of a waning sediment gravity flow across the shelf-to-slope transition (Mulder et al 2003, Zavala & Arcuri 2016). The carbon-rich mudstones are more common in the lower area of the succession, suggesting deposition in a more distal or deep-water setting under quieter conditions (Talling et al 2012, Zavala & Arcuri 2016.…”

Section: Facies Association Of Canatiba Formation (Fa1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectonics and sedimentation of the central sector of the Santo Onofre rift, north Minas Gerais, Brazil

Costa

Filho

2017

Braz. J. Geol.

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ABSTRACT:The Santo Onofre Group registers the filling of a Tonian, intracontinental paleo-rift that developed along the northern and central Espinhaço regions. This paper examines this unit in the central Espinhaço region with stratigraphic analysis and U-Pb geochronology, reviewing and dividing into the Canatiba and Rio Peixe Bravo Formations, which include the Barrinha Member. The Canatiba Formation mainly comprises carbon-rich mudstones that were deposited through low-density turbidity flows that alternated with sediment settling under anoxic conditions. The Rio Peixe Bravo Formation consists of a succession of sandstones and minor mudstones, which were deposited through low-to high-density turbidity flows. The Barrinha Member mainly consists of conglomerates and is related to channelized debris flows. Detrital zircon grains show maximum depositional ages of 930 ± 33 Ma and around 865 Ma for the Canatiba and Rio Peixe Bravo Formations, respectively. We interpret the Santo Onofre rifting to be relative younger than that for the Sítio Novo Group and to be a precursor stage of the glacial and post-glacial rift-to-passive margin-related sequences of the Macaúbas Group. The lithostratigraphic term "Macaúbas Supergroup" would be of better use to accommodate the unconformity-bounded Tonian sequences that were related to the Rodinia breakup in the Congo-São Francisco paleocontinent. (Hoffman 1991, Meert 2001. Several phases that involved the breaking of Rodinia occurred, either through passive or active rifting, which were induced by remotely applied tensions (in-plane stress) and mantle plumes, respectively . These processes operated diachronically through a continental mass, and the full disintegration of the continent was complete at the end of the Tonian Period (Hoffman 1991, Cawood et al. 2016. Many rifts were formed before reaching this stage, some of which were aborted, and mafic dyke swarms intruded, which became dispersed in the scattered continents (Chew et al. 2010, Volkert et al. 2015. Investigations of these features have provided a better understanding of the space-temporal evolution of the Rodinia, for reconstructions (Hoffman 1991, Meert 2001. KEYWORDS:The Congo-São Francisco paleocontinent is characterized as one of several fragments of the Rodinia (Hoffman 1991. This paleocontinent encompasses the cover and basement rocks of São Francisco and Congo cratons and their marginal orogenic belts ( Fig. 1; Almeida 1977, Alkmim et al. 1993, Trompette 1994. The Espinhaço mountain range is a remarkable feature that extends with a sub-meridian direction across the entire extent of the Congo-São Francisco paleocontinent. The southern and central Espinhaço range regions integrate the Araçuaí fold and thrust belt as one of the external domains of the Neoproterozoic Araçuaí-West Congo orogen (Almeida 1977, Pedrosa-Soares et al. 1992, while the northern extension occurs along the eastern border of the Paramirim aulacogen, which was partially inverted, and involves the basement in the cover deformation (Schobbenhau...

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“…Unlike turbidity currents, hyperpycnal flow is of significantly long duration because it is caused by seasonal floods, snow-melt floods and melting glaciers (Huneke and Mulder 2011). Therefore, the resulting sandstones are interrupted less than those related to waning turbidity currents or sandy debris flows and show gradational changes in the vertical and the horizontal direction (Zavala and Arcuri 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and depositional model of deep-water lacustrine sandstone deposits in the 7th and 6th members of the Yanchang Formation (Late Triassic), Binchang area, Ordos Basin, China

et al. 2017

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Sandstones attributed to different lacustrine sediment gravity flows are present in the 7th and 6th members of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin, China. These differences in their origins led to different sandstone distributions which control the scale and connectivity of oil and gas reservoirs. Numerous cores and outcrops were analysed to understand the origins of these sandstones. The main origin of these sandstones was analysed by statistical methods, and well logging data were used to study their vertical and horizontal distributions. Results show that the sandstones in the study area accumulated via sandy debris flows, turbidity currents and slumping, and sandy debris flows predominate. The sandstone associated with a single event is characteristically small in scale and exhibits poor lateral continuity. However, as a result of multiple events that stacked gravity flow-related sandstones atop one another, sandstones are extensive overall, as illustrated in the cross section and isopach maps. Finally, a depositional model was developed in which sandy debris flows predominated and various other types of small-scale gravity flows occurred frequently, resulting in extensive deposition of sand bodies across a large area.

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Intrabasinal and extrabasinal turbidites: Origin and distinctive characteristics

Cited by 173 publications

References 57 publications

Depositional model for lacustrine nearshore subaqueous fans in a rift basin: The Eocene Shahejie Formation, Dongying Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China

Depositional model for lacustrine nearshore subaqueous fans in a rift basin: The Eocene Shahejie Formation, Dongying Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China

Tectonics and sedimentation of the central sector of the Santo Onofre rift, north Minas Gerais, Brazil

Origin and depositional model of deep-water lacustrine sandstone deposits in the 7th and 6th members of the Yanchang Formation (Late Triassic), Binchang area, Ordos Basin, China

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