Intracardiac echocardiography in paediatric and congenital cardiac ablation shortens procedure duration and improves success without complications

Abstract

Background and aims Common to adult electrophysiology studies (EPS), intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) use in pediatric and congenital heart disease (CHD) EPS is limited. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of ICE use and incidence of associated complications in pediatric and CHD EPS. Methods This single-center retrospective matched cohort study reviewed EPS between 2013 and 2022. Demographics, CHD type, and EPS data were collected. ICE cases were matched 1:1 to no ICE controls to assess differences in complications, ablation success, fluoroscopy exposure, procedure duration, and arrhythmia recurrence. Cases and controls with preceding EPS within 5 years were excluded. ICE cases without an appropriate match were excluded from comparative analyses but included in the descriptive cohort. We performed univariable and multivariable logistic regression to assess associations between variables and outcomes. Results A total of 335 EPS were reviewed, with ICE used in 196. The median age of ICE cases was 15 [IQR 12-17; range 3-47] years, and median weight 57 [IQR 45-71; range 15-134] kg. There were no ICE-related acute or post-procedural complications. There were 139 ICE cases matched to no ICE controls. Baseline demographics and anthropometrics were similar between cases and controls. Fluoroscopy exposure (P = 0.02), procedure duration (P = 0.01), and arrhythmia recurrence (P = 0.01) were significantly lower in ICE cases. Conclusion ICE in pediatric and CHD ablations is safe and reduces procedure duration, fluoroscopy exposure, and arrhythmia recurrence. However, not every arrhythmia substrate requires ICE use. Thoughtful selection will ensure the judicious and strategic application of ICE to enhance outcomes.