Intracardiac thrombi: Frequency, location, etiology, and complications: A morphologic review—Part IV

Abstract

Summary: lntracardiac thrombus may develop as a consequence of multiple underlying cardiac disorders. Valvular heart disease, in particular, rheumatic mitral stenosis is frequently associated with intracardiac thrombus. Part IV of this 5-part article on intracardiac thrombus focuses on the frequency and consequences of thrombus in valvular heart disease.

A case report of type 2 diabetes mellitus with biatrial thrombi and pulmonary embolism caused by atrial fibrillation: successful treatment with anticoagulant therapy

“…T2DM is a strong and independent risk factor for AF and atrial flutter [2]. Other possible causes of atrial thrombi are a T2DM-induced hypercoagulable state [3], endothelial dysfunction, and diabetic cardiomyopathy [4], which result in ventricular systolic dysfunction and dilated cardiomyopathy [5,6]. In addition, our patient had a urinary tract infection and hyperglycemia because of cessation of therapy, leading to dehydration, which may aggravate thrombus formation.…”

Sudden cardiac death associates with a large right atrium thrombus in a late survivor of heart transplantation

“…13 In regard to right atrium, migrat- ing thrombus from deep venous system or jugular vein is the most common cause of thrombus formation. [13][14][15] Rheumatic heart disease, acute right ventricular myocardial infarct, healed myocardial infarct, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, prosthetic valve, congenital abnormalities, pyopericardium, protein C deficiency, Behcet's disease and cardiac surgery have been mentioned in occasions.…”

Fatal biatrial thrombus in a patient with idiopathic restrictive cardiomyopathy during sinus rhythm

“…Valvular heart disease, particularly in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation, is frequently associated with left atrial thrombus. Other possible causes of atrial thrombi are ventricular systolic dysfunction and dilated cardiomyopathy [2,5]. However, biatrial thrombus is a rarely seen pathology in the absence of hypercoagulability state and atrial fibrillation.…”