Intracellular and microenvironmental regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential in cancer cells

Abstract

Cancer cells have an abnormally high mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), which is associated with enhanced invasive properties in vitro and increased metastases in vivo. The mechanisms underlying the abnormal ΔΨm in cancer cells remain unclear. Research on different cell types has shown that ΔΨm is regulated by various intracellular mechanisms such as by mitochondrial inner and outer membrane ion transporters, cytoskeletal elements, and biochemical signaling pathways. On the other hand, the role of extrinsic, tumor microenvironment (TME) derived cues in regulating ΔΨm is not well defined. In this review, we first summarize the existing literature on intercellular mechanisms of ΔΨm regulation, with a focus on cancer cells. We then offer our perspective on the different ways through which the microenvironmental cues such as hypoxia and mechanical stresses may regulate cancer cell ΔΨm. This article is categorized under: Cancer > Environmental Factors Cancer > Biomedical Engineering Cancer > Molecular and Cellular Physiology

Complex II ambiguities—FADH2 in the electron transfer system

“…As a consequence, the prosthetic group FADH 2 appears erroneously as the substrate of CII in the ETS linked to succinate oxidation. This error is widely propagated in publications found from 2001 to 2023 ( 4 , 23 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 , 115 …”

Synergism of Curcumin and Doxorubicin Proves an Effective Anticancer Therapeutics Against Breast Cancer: An in vitro Study

“…A high amount of ROS generation is also associated with the alteration of MMP in mitochondria. Cancer cells are found to have high MMP which is associated with tumor progression and metastasis both in in vitro and in vivo [25]. In Fig.…”

Increased heterogeneity in expression of genes associated with cancer progression and drug resistance

“…Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which can cause DNA damage, and therefore, can facilitate cancer evolution and progression [ 141 ]. In addition, elevated mitochondrial membrane potential has been associated with invasiveness and metastasis of cancer cells [ 142 ]. In most cancers, it has been observed that mitochondria are reprogrammed, and they act as biosynthetic organelles that play important roles in cancer progression and metastasis [ 143 ].…”