Intracellular distribution of calcium and zinc in normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic human prostate: X‐ray microanalysis of freeze‐dried cryosections

Tvedt, Kåre E.; Halgunset, Jostein; Kopstad, G.; Haugen, Øystein

doi:10.1002/pros.2990150105

Cited by 35 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…However, Zn was found not only in prostatic glandular epithelium but also in the stromal component (Ide-Ektessabi et al 2002). Thus, the long-standing questions about the main pool and the local distribution of Zn in prostate tissue still remain open (Mawson and Fischer 1952;Hoare et al 1956;Siegal et al 1961;Kar and Chowdhury 1968;Dhar et al 1973;Morita 1981;Leake et al 1983;Tvedt et al 1989;Bataineh et al 2002;Franklin et al 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

Age-related histological and zinc content changes in adult nonhyperplastic prostate glands

Zaichick

2013

AGE

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To clarify age-related histological and Zn content changes in nonhyperplastic adult prostate glands, a quantitative morphometric and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analyses were performed. The prostates were obtained from autopsies of 63 subjects aged 21-70 years who died mainly from trauma. It was found that histologically normal prostate tissue undergoes substantial changes throughout aging. These changes are reflected in an increase of the percent volume of the glandular lumen for the third to fifth decades, reaching a maximum for the decade 41-50 years. Over the same period, the percent volume of the stroma remains steady, but the percent volume of epithelium decreases, approximately, linearly with age. The percent volume of glandular lumen (reflects the volume of prostatic fluid) in the prostate gland of men aged 41 to 50 years is 1.5-fold higher than that in men aged 21 to 30 years, but the epithelium/lumen (prostatic fluid) ratio is approximately twofold lower. This suggests that accumulation of the prostatic fluid develops from 30 to 50 years of age. This accumulation of the prostatic fluid results in an increase of the Zn mass fraction in the prostate. In turn, when the intraprostatic Zn level exceeds a certain level by the end of the fifth decade, it begins to work as a trigger for different factors, all of which increase the proliferation of stromal cells. Deductions from these results allow possible partial explanations of both relevant prostatic aging mechanisms and the effects of dietary interventions using supplementary Zn.

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Age-related histological and zinc content changes in adult nonhyperplastic prostate glands

Zaichick

2013

AGE

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“…26 Annexins hold a central hydrophilic pore functioning as a Ca 2+ channel. Since prostasomes are rich in Ca 2+ and Zn 2+ , 15,43 annexins may be involved in the recruitment of Ca 2+ to the prostasomes. A zinc-binding capacity of prostasomes was recently revealed 44 and this new property of prostasomes could affect spermatozoa in different ways by modulating the cation level in their microenvironment.…”

Section: Biochemical Features Of Prostasomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Janus-faced nature of prostasomes: their pluripotency favours the normal reproductive process and malignant prostate growth

Ronquist

Nilsson

2004

Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis

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Prostasomes are submicron secretory granules synthesized, stored and secreted by the epithelial cells of the human prostate gland. They are membrane-surrounded also in their extracellular appearance and the membrane architecture is composite. They are believed to be life-giving and act as protectors of the spermatozoa in the lower and upper female genital tract on their way to the ovum. Hence, the prostasomes are immunosuppressive and inhibitory of complement activation. Further, they promote sperm's forward motility and have antioxidant and antibacterial capacities. The prostasomes with their many composite abilities seem to turn against the host cell after the age of 50 y being conducive to the transition of the normal prostate epithelial cell into a neoplastic cell and therewith lay the foundations of the very high prevalence of prostate cancer of men of more than 50 y of age. Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases (2004) 7, 21-31. doi:10.1038/sj.pcan.4500684 Keywords: prostasomes Prostate cancerProstate cancer is the most common cancer in men in Europe, North America, and some parts of Africa. Incidence of prostate cancer is increasing steadily in most countries. Incidence and death rates differ according to race and geographical location. 1 Different autopsy studies performed in Western and Oriental populations have shown that the prevalence of prostate cancer is significantly higher than its incidence. Comparative assessments of these studies have provided similar prevalence rates in different races and geographical areas. 2 The differences in the incidence of prostate cancer in different races and geographical areas and the different progression of this incidence in populations of a race living in a foreign geographical area, strengthen the hypothesis that genetic and lifestyle factors are responsible for the difference in post-induction progression of prostate cancer. 3,4 The incidence rate of clinically apparent prostate cancer is eight-fold higher in the United States than in Japan, while the prevalence of latent prostate cancer, a presumed precursor of clinical prostate cancer, is similar in the two countries. 5 However, the initiating and promoting factors that determine the variability in the natural history of prostate cancer remain unknown. 6 There is a substantial discrepancy between the high incidence of prostate cancer and the extremely low incidence of primary cancer in the seminal vesicles, 7 although the two glands represent neighbouring anatomical locations, both of them being exocrine accessory genital glands and both being under similar hormonal control. Hence, there may be endogenous as well as exogenous factors promotive of prostate cancer development. We hypothesize that prostasomes with their exclusive origin in the prostate gland and with their Received

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“…However, Zn was found not only in glandular epithelium but also in the stromal component (Ide-Ektessabi et al, 2002). Thus, the longstanding question about the main pool and the local distribution of Zn in prostate tissue still remains open up (Mawson & Fischer, 1952;Hoare et al, 1956;Siegal et al, 1961;Kar & Chowdhury, 1968;Dhar et al, 1973;Morita, 1981;Leake et al, 1983;Tvedt et al, 1989;Bataineh et al, 2002;Franklin et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relations of morphometric parameters to zinc content in paediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

Zaichick

2012

Andrology

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SUMMARYTo clarify age-related histological and zinc content changes in paediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands, a quantitative morphometric and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis (EDXRF) was performed. The prostates were obtained at autopsy from 50 subjects (European-Caucasian aged 0-30 years) who died from sudden infant death syndrome, acute pulmonary aetiologies and trauma. None of the subjects had any symptoms of prostatic disease and all prostates were classified as histologically normal. Each prostate was divided into two portions. One tissue portion was reviewed by an anatomical pathologist whereas another was intended for a Zn mass fraction measurement using EDXRF. The mean per cent volume of the stroma (S), glandular epithelium (E), glandular lumen (L) and glandular component (GC = E + L) were determined and the mean ratios of per cent volumes (S/E, S/ GC and E/L) were calculated for each prostate specimen. It was found that normal prostate tissue undergoes substantial changes from birth through early adulthood. These changes are reflected in an increment of the per cent volume of the glandular epithelium and lumen and in a diminution of the per cent volume of the stroma. The S/E ratio of the prostate falls by a factor of almost 4, between ages <1 and 30 years from 5 : 1 to 1.3 : 1. The Zn mass fraction is nearly 30-35 mg/kg (wet weight basis) and remains steady for first decade of life. Then it begins to increase rapidly during and after puberty. The level of the Zn content in prostate tissue is most closely associated with the volume of the glandular lumen, which reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.

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Intracellular distribution of calcium and zinc in normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic human prostate: X‐ray microanalysis of freeze‐dried cryosections

Cited by 35 publications

References 33 publications

Age-related histological and zinc content changes in adult nonhyperplastic prostate glands

Age-related histological and zinc content changes in adult nonhyperplastic prostate glands

The Janus-faced nature of prostasomes: their pluripotency favours the normal reproductive process and malignant prostate growth

Relations of morphometric parameters to zinc content in paediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

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