Intracellular distribution of DNA internalized through calcium phosphate precipitation

Functionalized Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles for Biomedical Application

“…We do not know whether the complete nanoparticle itself penetrates the nuclear membrane, or whether the DNA enters the nucleus alone. Orrantia and Chang indicated that nanoparticles can also enter the nucleus [27]. However, the nanoparticles are usually too large to penetrate the nuclear membrane, thus their nuclear entry is still questionable.…”

Delivery of drugs, proteins and genes into cells using transferrin as a ligand for receptor-mediated endocytosis

“…A related process has been described for gene transfer by calcium phosphate precipitation, where over 50% of delivered DNA is found degraded in lysosomes [158]. A measure to block degradation of material in lysosomes involves the use of lysosomotropic agents such as chloroquine that might prevent acidification of lysosomes and accompanying activation of lysosomal hydrolytic enzymes.…”

Non-viral gene-activated matrices

“…In a study published in 2012 in Advanced Materials, Curtin et al 17 demonstrated that the nHa particles themselves could be used as vectors for successful MSC transfection when the nano-sized Ha particles were co-precipitated with DNA to produce particles of approximately 100nm which could easily cross the cell membrane via endocytosis. 65 A sustained but transient transgene expression profile was noted in these nHa-based GAMs using reporter genes. Furthermore, when the reporter genes were substituted for the osteogenic gene BMP2, significantly enhanced osteogenesis was observed in nHa-BMP2 GAMs upon seeding with MSCs.…”