Intracellular distribution of the vitamin D receptor in the brain: Comparison with classic target tissues and redistribution with development

Eyles, Darryl W.; Liu, P.Y.; Josh, Peter; Cui, Xiaoying

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.02.042

Cited by 99 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The knock-out model of VDR-/-has an accelerated aging process in all the organs, and in the brain [17][18], with a significant in-brain decrease of NGF [19] and of other neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine [20][21][22][23][24]. Congenital deficiency of vitamin D significantly reduces the activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 65/67 (key enzymes in GABAergic inter-neurons) and the levels of glutamate and glutamine in brain tissue [25].…”

Section: Methabolism and Biological Actions Of Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study investigated cognitive effects of IU/day may be started when the deficiency has been corrected, and at once in case of vitamin D insufficiency (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29) ng/mL). Since current evidence also suggests both obstetric and pediatric benefit from vitamin D against the risk of developing MS, vitamin D supplementation in children and pregnant women at risk of developing or being affected by MS should be considered [144].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Vitamin D in Neurological Diseases: A Rationale for a Pathogenic Impact

Moretti

Morelli

Caruso

2018

Preprint

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It is widely known that vitamin D receptors have been found in neurons and glial cells and their highest expression is in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus and subcortical grey nuclei, and substantia nigra. The vitamin D helps the regulation of neurotrophin, neural differentiation and maturation, through the control operation of growing factors synthesis (ie NGF and GDNF), the trafficking of the septo-hyppocampal pathway, and the control of the synthesis process of different neuromodulators (such as Ach, DA, and GABA).Based on these assumptions, we have written this review in order to summarize the potential role of vitamin D in neurological pathologies. The work could be titanic, and might result very fuzzy and even incoherent, if we would not have conjectured to taper our first intentions and devoted our interests towards three mainstreams: demyelinating pathologies, vascular syndromes and neurodegeneration.Due to the lack of effective therapeutic options, a part from the disease modifying strategies, the role of different risk factors should be investigated in neurology, as far as their correction may lead to the improvement of the cerebral conditions.We have explored the relationships between the gene-environmental influence and long term vitamin D deficiency, as a risk factor for the development of different types of neurological disorders, along with the role and the rationale of therapeutic trials with vitamin D implementation. Peer-reviewed version available at Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 2245 doi:10.3390/ijms19082245 3 SEARCH STRATEGY AND SELECTION CRITERIAWe searched MEDLINE using the search terms: "vitamin D central nervous system" , both "vitamin D" and "central nervous system"; "vitamin D immune system/response", both "vitamin D" and "immune system" or "immune response"; "vitamin D multiple sclerosis risk", both "vitamin D" and "multiple sclerosis risk"; "vitamin D multiple sclerosis relapse", both "vitamin D" and "multiple sclerosis relapse"; "vitamin D multiple sclerosis magnetic resonance imaging", both "vitamin D" and "multiple sclerosis magnetic resonance imaging"; "vitamin D multiple sclerosis disability", both "vitamin D" and "multiple sclerosis disability"; "vitamin D supplementation/therapy/treatment multiple sclerosis", both "vitamin D supplementation" or "vitamin D therapy" or "vitamin D treatment" and "multiple sclerosis"; "vascular dementia", both as -vascular-and -dementia-, "subcortical vascular dementia", both assubcortical-and -dementia-, "Alzheimer's disease", "pathogenesis neurodegeneration" "amyloid", "cholinergic afferents", "arteriolosclerosis", "cerebral flow regulation", "stroke". Publications were selected mostly form the past 20years, but did not exclude frequently referenced and highly regarded older publications. . Congress abstracts and isolated case reports were not considered. We searched the reference lists of articles identified by this search strategy and selected those we judged relevant. Review articles and book chapters are cited to provide with ...

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Section: Methabolism and Biological Actions Of Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D in Neurological Diseases: A Rationale for a Pathogenic Impact

Moretti

Morelli

Caruso

2018

Preprint

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“…Because the brain expresses vitamin D receptors (VDRs) and can synthesize the active form of the hormone, the possible cognitive enhancing effects of vitamin D may reflect a primary action in the brain rather than a result of secondary systemic effects (18)(19)(20)(21)(22). Indeed, we and others have shown that vitamin D, as well as the biologically active form of the hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, has direct neuroprotective actions and can reduce some biomarkers of brain aging (20,(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28).…”

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confidence: 99%

Vitamin D prevents cognitive decline and enhances hippocampal synaptic function in aging rats

Latimer¹,

Brewer²,

Searcy³

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

186

103

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Vitamin D is an important calcium-regulating hormone with diverse functions in numerous tissues, including the brain. Increasing evidence suggests that vitamin D may play a role in maintaining cognitive function and that vitamin D deficiency may accelerate agerelated cognitive decline. Using aging rodents, we attempted to model the range of human serum vitamin D levels, from deficient to sufficient, to test whether vitamin D could preserve or improve cognitive function with aging. For 5-6 mo, middle-aged F344 rats were fed diets containing low, medium (typical amount), or high (100, 1,000, or 10,000 international units/kg diet, respectively) vitamin D3, and hippocampal-dependent learning and memory were then tested in the Morris water maze. Rats on high vitamin D achieved the highest blood levels (in the sufficient range) and significantly outperformed low and medium groups on maze reversal, a particularly challenging task that detects more subtle changes in memory. In addition to calcium-related processes, hippocampal gene expression microarrays identified pathways pertaining to synaptic transmission, cell communication, and G protein function as being up-regulated with high vitamin D. Basal synaptic transmission also was enhanced, corroborating observed effects on gene expression and learning and memory. Our studies demonstrate a causal relationship between vitamin D status and cognitive function, and they suggest that vitamin D-mediated changes in hippocampal gene expression may improve the likelihood of successful brain aging.V itamin D, a secosteroid hormone known for its role in bone and calcium homeostasis, is now well recognized for its many diverse functions and actions on a variety of tissues and cell types (1, 2). Vitamin D typically refers to the precursor forms of the hormone obtained through the skin's exposure to sunlight [vitamin D3 (VitD3)] or from dietary sources (VitD3 or VitD2). A metabolite of vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), is a serum biomarker of vitamin D status or repletion. In recent years, there is particular concern that large segments of the population may have low levels of 25OHD, and therefore are vitamin D-deficient (3). Due to factors such as reduced intake, absorption, and decreased exposure to sunlight, aging adults (≥50 y of age) are especially susceptible (3-6). Notably, this predisposition for lower 25OHD levels in the elderly has been linked to higher risk for numerous age-related disorders, including cancer and metabolic and vascular diseases (7-10).Inadequate vitamin D status also correlates with a greater risk for cognitive decline in the elderly (4,(11)(12)(13)(14)(15), suggesting that optimal levels may promote healthy brain aging (16,17). Because the brain expresses vitamin D receptors (VDRs) and can synthesize the active form of the hormone, the possible cognitive enhancing effects of vitamin D may reflect a primary action in the brain rather than a result of secondary systemic effects (18)(19)(20)(21)(22). Indeed, we and others have shown that vitamin D, as ...

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“…Vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin, exists in different forms, the most important of which are vitamin D 2 (ergocalciferol), which is synthesized by plants and found in foods such as eggs and fortified milk, and vitamin D 3 (cholecalciferol), which is generated by human skin exposed to sunlight (ultraviolet B light), causing photolytic conversion of 7- 4 Both VDR and the enzyme that converts vitamin D to its active form exist in all body organs, 5,6 including endothelium, vascular smooth muscle, endothelium, cardiomyocytes, macrophages, and beta-pancreatic cells, enabling vitamin D's widespread physiologic influences.…”

Section: Vitamin D Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D: Way More Important in Critical Care Than We May Have Recognized

Alspach¹

2017

Critical Care Nurse

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Intracellular distribution of the vitamin D receptor in the brain: Comparison with classic target tissues and redistribution with development

Cited by 99 publications

References 39 publications

Vitamin D in Neurological Diseases: A Rationale for a Pathogenic Impact

Vitamin D in Neurological Diseases: A Rationale for a Pathogenic Impact

Vitamin D prevents cognitive decline and enhances hippocampal synaptic function in aging rats

Vitamin D: Way More Important in Critical Care Than We May Have Recognized

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