Intracellular granule formation in response to oxidative stress in Bifidobacterium

Qian, Yilei; Borowski, William J.; Calhoon, Walter D.

doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.11.026

Cited by 17 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…References to these inclusions in lactobacilli are scarce and restricted to L. plantarum (20,22) and certain strains isolated from mozzarella cheese whey (23). It has to be noted that, as reported here and as described by others (42,43), the presence of poly-P granules may largely depend on growth conditions, which might account for the general lack of reports about poly-P in lactobacilli. It is thus not surprising that LAB were generally considered unable to accumulate this compound (44).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Accumulation of Polyphosphate in Lactobacillus spp. and Its Involvement in Stress Resistance

Alcántara

Blasco

Zúñiga

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Polyphosphate (poly-P) is a polymer of phosphate residues synthesized and in some cases accumulated by microorganisms, where it plays crucial physiological roles such as the participation in the response to nutritional stringencies and environmental stresses. Poly-P metabolism has received little attention in Lactobacillus, a genus of lactic acid bacteria of relevance for food production and health of humans and animals. We show that among 34 strains of Lactobacillus, 18 of them accumulated intracellular poly-P granules, as revealed by specific staining and electron microscopy. Poly-P accumulation was generally dependent on the presence of elevated phosphate concentrations in the culture medium, and it correlated with the presence of polyphosphate kinase (ppk) genes in the genomes. The ppk gene from Lactobacillus displayed a genetic arrangement in which it was flanked by two genes encoding exopolyphosphatases of the Ppx-GppA family. The ppk functionality was corroborated by its disruption (LCABL_27820 gene) in Lactobacillus casei BL23 strain. The constructed ppk mutant showed a lack of intracellular poly-P granules and a drastic reduction in poly-P synthesis. Resistance to several stresses was tested in the ppk-disrupted strain, showing that it presented a diminished growth under high-salt or low-pH conditions and an increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. These results show that poly-P accumulation is a characteristic of some strains of lactobacilli and may thus play important roles in the physiology of these microorganisms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Accumulation of Polyphosphate in Lactobacillus spp. and Its Involvement in Stress Resistance

Alcántara

Blasco

Zúñiga

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Previous studies have indicated that mutants lacking ppk1 were defective in motility, QS and biofilm formation in E. coli [43], [44]. Qian has reported that oxidative stress induced the expression of ppk and the production of poly P in bifidobacteria, and strengthened the resistance of the cells to acid challenge [45]. For the first time, this study detected that acid-adaptation induced the expression of ppk1 in the absence of oxidative stress.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 50%

Mechanism Analysis of Acid Tolerance Response of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum BBMN 68 by Gene Expression Profile Using RNA-Sequencing

et al. 2012

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To analyze the mechanism of the acid tolerance response (ATR) in Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum BBMN68, we optimized the acid-adaptation condition to stimulate ATR effectively and analyzed the change of gene expression profile after acid-adaptation using high-throughput RNA-Seq. After acid-adaptation at pH 4.5 for 2 hours, the survival rate of BBMN68 at lethal pH 3.5 for 120 min was increased by 70 fold and the expression of 293 genes were upregulated by more than 2 fold, and 245 genes were downregulated by more than 2 fold. Gene expression profiling of ATR in BBMN68 suggested that, when the bacteria faced acid stress, the cells strengthened the integrity of cell wall and changed the permeability of membrane to keep the H+ from entering. Once the H+ entered the cytoplasm, the cells showed four main responses: First, the F0F1-ATPase system was initiated to discharge H+. Second, the ability to produce NH3 by cysteine-cystathionine-cycle was strengthened to neutralize excess H+. Third, the cells started NER-UVR and NER-VSR systems to minimize the damage to DNA and upregulated HtpX, IbpA, and γ-glutamylcysteine production to protect proteins against damage. Fourth, the cells initiated global response signals ((p)ppGpp, polyP, and Sec-SRP) to bring the whole cell into a state of response to the stress. The cells also secreted the quorum sensing signal (AI-2) to communicate between intraspecies cells by the cellular signal system, such as two-component systems, to improve the overall survival rate. Besides, the cells varied the pathways of producing energy by shifting to BCAA metabolism and enhanced the ability to utilize sugar to supply sufficient energy for the operation of the mechanism mentioned above. Based on these reults, it was inferred that, during industrial applications, the acid resistance of bifidobacteria could be improved by adding BCAA, γ-glutamylcysteine, cysteine, and cystathionine into the acid-stress environment.

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“…Decreased EPS production during culture may have an impact on the ability to adhere to the intestinal epithelium (Ninomiya et al 2009). In contrast, the study of Qian et al (2011) on some Bifidobacterium spp. demonstrated that cells grown in nonreducing media, and therefore under oxidative stress, showed greater intracellular granule production, in response to oxidative stress, when compared with those grown in reducing media.…”

Section: Technological Stressmentioning

confidence: 95%

Exploring the relationship between exposure to technological and gastrointestinal stress and probiotic functional properties of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria

Amund

2016

Can. J. Microbiol.

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Strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are considered probiotic because of their associated potential health benefits. Probiotics are commonly administered orally via incorporation into food products. Microorganisms for use as probiotics encounter stress conditions, which include acid, bile, osmotic, oxidative, heat and cold stresses. These can occur during processing and storage and during passage through the gastrointestinal tract, and can affect viability. Probiotic bacteria have to remain viable to confer any health benefits. Therefore, the ability to withstand technological and gastrointestinal stresses is crucial probiotic selection criteria. While the stress tolerance mechanisms of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria are largely understood, the impact of exposure to stressful conditions on the functional properties of surviving probiotic microorganisms is not clear. This review explores the potentially positive and negative relationships between exposure to stress conditions and probiotic functional properties, such as resistance to gastric acid and bile, adhesion and colonization potential, and tolerance to antibiotics. Protective strategies can be employed to combat negative effects of stress on functional properties. However, further research is needed to ascertain synergistic relationships between exposure to stress and probi-otic properties. Résumé : On qualifie de probiotiques des souches de Lactobacillus et Bifidobacterium en raison des bienfaits pour la santé qu'on leur octroie. Les probiotiques sont couramment administrés par voie orale via leur incorporation dans des produits alimentaires. Les microorganismes employés a ` titre de probiotiques se heurtent a ` des conditions de stress, dont ceux liés a ` l'acide, la bile, l'oxydation, la chaleur et le froid. Ceux-ci peuvent survenir a ` tout moment lors du traitement et de la conservation, et lors du passage au travers du tractus gastro-intestinal, et peuvent affecter la viabilité. Les bactéries probiotiques se doivent de demeurer viables pour procurer des bienfaits pour la santé, quels qu'ils soient. Par conséquent, la capacité a ` résister aux stress technologiques et gastro-intestinaux est un critère essentiel de la sélection des probiotiques. On jouit d'une assez bonne conception des mécanismes de tolérance des lactobacilles et des bifidobactéries; or, l'incidence de conditions stressantes sur les propriétés fonctionnelles des microorganismes survivants est moins évidente. La présente revue traite des rapports possibles entre l'exposition a ` des conditions de stress et les propriétés probiotiques fonctionnelles comme la tolérance a ` l'acide gastrique et la bile, la faculté d'adhérence et de colonisation, et la tolérance aux antibiotiques. Des stratégies de protection peuvent être mises en oeuvre pour contrecarrer les effets néfastes du stress sur les propriétés fonctionnelles. Cependant, on devra approfondir les recherches afin de définir les relations synergiques entre l'exposition au stress et les propriétés probiotiques. [Traduit par l...

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Intracellular granule formation in response to oxidative stress in Bifidobacterium

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

Accumulation of Polyphosphate in Lactobacillus spp. and Its Involvement in Stress Resistance

Accumulation of Polyphosphate in Lactobacillus spp. and Its Involvement in Stress Resistance

Mechanism Analysis of Acid Tolerance Response of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum BBMN 68 by Gene Expression Profile Using RNA-Sequencing

Exploring the relationship between exposure to technological and gastrointestinal stress and probiotic functional properties of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria

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