Intracellular organelles in the saga of Ca2+ homeostasis: different molecules for different purposes?

Zampese, Enrico; Pizzo, Paola

doi:10.1007/s00018-011-0845-9

Cited by 53 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 370 publications

(415 reference statements)

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“…60 These studies linked for the first time defective MAMs structure and function to a major neurodegenerative disease, 30,57,60 validating previous evidence of a role of the MAMs in AD pathogenesis. [61][62][63] and paving the way to studies showing upregulated expression of MAM-associated proteins in human and mouse AD brains prior to the appearance of amyloid plaques. 64 Thus, altered lipid-MERC function might trigger amyloid plaques formation, which is at the core of the 'amyloid hypothesis'; in this scenario, the MAM and the amyloid hypothesis are not mutually exclusive, but place the loss of lipid homeostasis upstream of amyloid plaques deposition.…”

Section: The Lipid-merc: a Site Of Phospholipid Biosynthesis And Trafmentioning

confidence: 99%

The coming of age of the mitochondria–ER contact: a matter of thickness

2016

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The sites of near-contact between the mitochondrion and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) have earned a lot of attention due to their key role in the maintenance of lipid and calcium (Ca 2+ ) homeostasis, in the initiation of autophagy and mitochondrial division, and in sensing metabolic shifts. At these sites, typically called MAMs (mitochondria-associated ER membranes) or MERCs (mitochondria-ER contacts), the organelles juxtapose at a distance that can range from~10 to~50 nm. The multifunctional role of this subcellular compartment is puzzling; further, recent studies have shown that mitochondria-ER contacts are highly plastic structures that remodel upon metabolic transitions and that their activity in controlling lipid homeostasis could be involved in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. This review aims at integrating the functions of this subcellular compartment to its most characterizing and unexplored structural parameter, their 'thickness': that is, the width of the cleft that separates the cytosolic face of the outer mitochondrial membrane from that of the ER. We describe and discuss the reasons why the thickness of a MERC should be considered a regulated structural parameter of the cell that defines and controls its function. Further, we propose a MERC classification that will help organize the expanding field of MERCs biology and of their role in cell physiology and human disease.

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Section: The Lipid-merc: a Site Of Phospholipid Biosynthesis And Trafmentioning

confidence: 99%

The coming of age of the mitochondria–ER contact: a matter of thickness

2016

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“…This, in turn, allowed for the differentiation of structural elements and regulation processes and -with the nuclear envelope being connected with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) -the ER evolving to be the predominant intracellular Ca 2+ store throughout the subsequent evolution. Additional budding processes led to the appearance of diverse vesicles, some with considerable Ca 2+ storage capacity (Burgoyne and Clague, 2003;Hay, 2007;Zampese and Pizzo, 2012). This allowed for increasingly differentiated interactions between vesicles and membranes, and necessitated regulators such as soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins and CRCs, thus matching the requirement of local signalling.…”

Section: Prokaryotic Foundation Of Camentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CRC-III-4 members are associated mainly with some stages of phagosome and with different types of recycling vesicle that are linked to phagosomes and their formation. Considering that the formation of phagosomes requires Ca 2+ and that the vesicles involved contain Ca 2+ -as known from mammalian cells (Burgoyne and Clague, 2003;Hay, 2007;Zampese and Pizzo, 2012), these compartments could serve as dynamic Ca 2+ stores for local membrane fusion events.…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ca2+ signalling early in evolution – all but primitive

Plattner

Verkhratsky

2013

Journal of Cell Science

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SummaryEarly in evolution, Ca 2+ emerged as the most important second messenger for regulating widely different cellular functions. In eukaryotic cells Ca 2+ signals originate from several sources, i.e. influx from the outside medium, release from internal stores or from both. In mammalian cells, Ca 2+ -release channels represented by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors and ryanodine receptors (InsP 3 R and RyR, respectively) are the most important. In unicellular organisms and plants, these channels are characterised with much less precision. In the ciliated protozoan, Paramecium tetraurelia, 34 molecularly distinct Ca 2+ -release channels that can be grouped in six subfamilies, based on criteria such as domain structure, pore, selectivity filter and activation mechanism have been identified. Some of these channels are genuine InsP 3 Rs and some are related to RyRs. Others show some -but not all -features that are characteristic for one or the other type of release channel. Localisation and gene silencing experiments revealed widely different -yet distinctlocalisation, activation and functional engagement of the different Ca 2+ -release channels. Here, we shall discuss early evolutionary routes of Ca 2+ -release machinery in protozoa and demonstrate that detailed domain analyses and scrutinised functional analyses are instrumental for in-depth evolutionary mapping of Ca 2+ -release channels in unicellular organisms.

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“…However, they also reside on intracellular membranes to regulate various organellar and cellular functions as well [1, 2]. Intracellular organelles can be arbitrarily divided into two groups [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organellar channels and transporters

Martinoia

Szabó

2015

Cell Calcium

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Decades of intensive research has led to the discovery of most plasma membrane ion channels and transporters and the characterization of their physiological functions. In contrast, although over 80% of transport processes occur inside the cells, the ion flux mechanisms across intracellular membranes (the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, lysosomes, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and vacuoles) are difficult to investigate and remain poorly understood. Recent technical advances in super-resolution microscopy, organellar electrophysiology, organelle-targeted fluorescence imaging, and organelle proteomics have pushed a large step forward in the research of intracellular ion transport. Many new organellar channels are molecularly identified and electrophysiologically characterized. Additionally, molecular identification of many of these ion channels/transporters has made it possible to study their physiological functions by genetic and pharmacological means. For example, organellar channels have been shown to regulate important cellular processes such as programmed cell death and photosynthesis, and are involved in many different pathologies. This Special Issue (SI) on Organellar Channels and Transporters aims to provide a forum to discuss the recent advances and to define the standard and open questions in this exciting and rapidly-developing field. Along this line, a new Gordon Research Conference dedicated to the multidisciplinary study of intracellular membrane transport proteins will be launched this coming summer.

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Intracellular organelles in the saga of Ca2+ homeostasis: different molecules for different purposes?

Cited by 53 publications

References 370 publications

The coming of age of the mitochondria–ER contact: a matter of thickness

The coming of age of the mitochondria–ER contact: a matter of thickness

Ca2+ signalling early in evolution – all but primitive

Organellar channels and transporters

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