Intracluster correlation of STD prevalence in a community intervention trial in Kenya

Feldblum, Paul J.; Chen-Mok, Mario; Bwayo, Job J.; Omari, Mohammed; Kuyoh, M; Ryan, Kelley A.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)02668-9

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This study found that the range of ICCs from several grouprandomized trials of school-based HIV/STI/pregnancy prevention interventions in the United States was 0 to 0.15. This is similar to the range (0.003 to 0.16) found in the only other published reports of ICC estimates for HIV/STI community prevention interventions, albeit with different populations and in different settings (Feldblum et al, 1999;Pals et al, 2009). This range is slightly wider than the range of ICCs Students who reported not being sexually active in the 3 months prior to the survey were given a score of 0, allowing the entire sample to be included in the analysis (i.e., full sample), unless otherwise indicated.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Estimates of Intraclass Correlation Coefficients From Longitudinal Group-Randomized Trials of Adolescent HIV/STI/Pregnancy Prevention Programs

et al. 2015

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Estimates of Intraclass Correlation Coefficients From Longitudinal Group-Randomized Trials of Adolescent HIV/STI/Pregnancy Prevention Programs

et al. 2015

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“…This figure is adjusted for the expected number of dropouts in the current standard of care, as it was estimated using data from the participating facilities’ ANC registration books from 2011. We calculated the minimum detectable difference between the control and the intervention arms for the primary endpoints, using methods for cluster-randomized trials[ 42 ] with unequal cluster sizes[ 40 ], with intra-cluster correlations between 0.001 and 0.030, as reported from similar cluster-randomized studies in low- and middle-income countries[ 43 , 44 ]. Primary outcome rates were taken from Tanzanian national data and studies conducted in Botswana[ 45 ] and Zimbabwe[ 46 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a community health worker intervention and the World Health Organization’s Option B versus Option A to improve antenatal care and PMTCT outcomes in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: study protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled health systems implementation trial

Sando

Geldsetzer

Magesa

et al. 2014

Trials

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BackgroundMother-to-child transmission of HIV remains an important public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. As HIV testing and linkage to PMTCT occurs in antenatal care (ANC), major challenges for any PMTCT option in developing countries, including Tanzania, are delays in the first ANC visit and a low overall number of visits. Community health workers (CHWs) have been effective in various settings in increasing the uptake of clinical services and improving treatment retention and adherence. At the beginning of this trial in January 2013, the World Health Organization recommended either of two medication regimens, Option A or B, for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT). It is still largely unclear which option is more effective when implemented in a public healthcare system. This study aims to determine the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of: (1) a community health worker (CWH) intervention and (2) PMTCT Option B in improving ANC and PMTCT outcomes.Methods/DesignThis study is a cluster-randomized controlled health systems implementation trial with a two-by-two factorial design. All 60 administrative wards in the Kinondoni and Ilala districts in Dar es Salaam were first randomly allocated to either receiving the CHW intervention or not, and then to receiving either Option B or A. Under the standard of care, facility-based health workers follow up on patients who have missed scheduled appointments for PMTCT, first through a telephone call and then with a home visit. In the wards receiving the CHW intervention, the CHWs: (1) identify pregnant women through home visits and refer them to antenatal care; (2) provide education to pregnant women on antenatal care, PMTCT, birth, and postnatal care; (3) routinely follow up on all pregnant women to ascertain whether they have attended ANC; and (4) follow up on women who have missed ANC or PMTCT appointments.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov:EJF22802. Registration date: 14 May 2013.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1745-6215-15-359) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Feldblum et al (1999) reported ICCs for the prevalence of STDs from a community-randomized trial in rural Kenya, and Hughes (2005) reported ICCs for the prevalence of STDs from a city-randomized trial in Peru. Although these ICCs may be useful to investigators planning similar trials, they are not likely to be useful in domestic trials or trials with other types of outcome variables, such as sexual risk behaviors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimates of Intraclass Correlation for Variables Related to Behavioral HIV/STD Prevention in a Predominantly African American and Hispanic Sample of Young Women

et al. 2006

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Studies designed to evaluate HIV and STD prevention interventions often involve random assignment of groups such as neighborhoods or communities to study conditions (e.g., to intervention or control). Investigators who design group-randomized trials (GRTs) must take the expected intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) into account in sample size estimation to have adequate power; however, few published ICC estimates exist for outcome variables related to HIV and STD prevention. The Prevention Options for Women Equal Rights (POWER) study was a GRT designed to evaluate a campaign to increase awareness and use of condoms among young African American and Hispanic women. The authors used precampaign and postcampaign data from the POWER study to estimate ICCs (unadjusted and adjusted for covariates) for a variety of sexual behavior and other variables. To illustrate the impact of ICCs on power, the authors present sample-size calculations and demonstrate how ICCs of differing magnitude will affect estimates of required sample size.

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Intracluster correlation of STD prevalence in a community intervention trial in Kenya

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Estimates of Intraclass Correlation Coefficients From Longitudinal Group-Randomized Trials of Adolescent HIV/STI/Pregnancy Prevention Programs

Estimates of Intraclass Correlation Coefficients From Longitudinal Group-Randomized Trials of Adolescent HIV/STI/Pregnancy Prevention Programs

Evaluation of a community health worker intervention and the World Health Organization’s Option B versus Option A to improve antenatal care and PMTCT outcomes in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: study protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled health systems implementation trial

Estimates of Intraclass Correlation for Variables Related to Behavioral HIV/STD Prevention in a Predominantly African American and Hispanic Sample of Young Women

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