“…Being During the early decades-the 1930s through the 1950s -a series of works with great impact emanating from Scandinavian centers helped to make Acta Radiologica the main periodical journal for neuroradiology. Apart from Lysholm's and Lindgren's publications from the Serafimer hospital mentioned earlier, a few more of seminal importance should be highlighted: from the Gävle County hospital, Arnell and Lidström, as early as 1931, presented the use of Skiodan for myelography, a water soluble contrast medium introduced in 1930, originally used for pyelographies (28,29); Lindblom from the Karolinska hospital presented his meticulous anatomical study of disc hernias using discography in 1941, thereby establishing the ability of intraforaminal hernias to cause spinal nerve root compression (30); Engeseth of Oslo in 1944 published the first large and thoroughly analyzed series of patients examined with carotid angiography (31); from Lund in 1947 and 1951, Radner presented pioneering work on angiography of the vertebral arteries via the radial artery (32,33); Broman and Olsson in 1948 introduced an animal model, later to become extensively used, for studying the toxicity of angiographic contrast media based on blood-brain barrier damage (34,35); the same year, Wickbom reported the Serafimer hospital's experience of the merits of carotid angiography versus encephalography for tumor diagnosis in a 231-page monolith (36,37); the leap from single film cerebral angiography to producing angiographic serial exposures with up to six images per second was made possible through a so-called rapid cut-film changer, presented for the first time in print in Acta Radiologica by its inventors, Fredzell and Sjögren in 1953 (38); the AOT-cut-film changer, as the device was called, became standard equipment at most neuroradiology departments for almost 30 years. Elema-Schönander, its manufacturer, sold approximately 17,500 units of the device to radiology departments all over the globe (39); although Seldinger was never active as a neuroradiologist, his ingenious and epoch-making paper from Karolinska hospital in 1953 on how to introduce catheters in arteries and veins (40) must be included in this list.…”