1994
DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1071577
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Intracranial Germ Cell Tumors: A Comprehensive Update of the European Data

Abstract: Intracranial germ cell tumors are rare tumor entities in childhood and adolescents. Extra- and intracranial germ cell tumors are identical in their histologic pattern and occur in preferential midline localizations such as the pineal and the suprasellar region. Germ cell neoplasms show increasing incidence rates over the last 30 years. The majority of intracranial germ cell neoplasms are germinomas. About 90% of the patients with pure germinomas can be salvaged by radiotherapy alone according to modern protoco… Show more

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Cited by 153 publications
(119 citation statements)
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“…CMP was added due to high response rates reported for single agent CNS treatment [30,31]. For nongerminomatous patients, the platinum dose was doubled based on data for systemic germ cell tumors, and for CNS nongerminomatous patients (86% survival after 400 mg/m 2 vs. 56% following 200 mg/m 2 ) [14,32]. The CMP dose was increased because of responses noted after single agent treatment in newly diagnosed and refractory disease [23].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…CMP was added due to high response rates reported for single agent CNS treatment [30,31]. For nongerminomatous patients, the platinum dose was doubled based on data for systemic germ cell tumors, and for CNS nongerminomatous patients (86% survival after 400 mg/m 2 vs. 56% following 200 mg/m 2 ) [14,32]. The CMP dose was increased because of responses noted after single agent treatment in newly diagnosed and refractory disease [23].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The biologic disparity between pure germinomas and nongerminomatous tumors is also supported by the difference in mean age at diagnosis (adolescent versus middle school years), with nongerminomatous tumors having a more heterogeneous appearance with spread to distant structures [1][2][3][4][5]. With the goal of reducing potential late sequelae of cranial radiation [6][7][8][9][10][11], platinum-based regimens have sought to decrease radiation dose by administering chemotherapy before reduced radiation [12][13][14][15][16]. It is not yet known whether this approach will lead to similar cure rates with decreased toxicity.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…36 Recently, this success has been translated to the treatment of CNS-germinomas and, to a lesser extent, to nongerminomatous germ cell tumors. 2,[37][38][39][40][41] To a certain degree, the less favorable prognosis of CNS-GCTs that secrete alpha fetoprotein or human chorionic gonadotrophin (embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma) compared to secreting germ cell tumor at other sites might be related to anatomic problems that interfere with surgical resection. Nevertheless, it remains possible that specific biologic aspects of CNS-GCTs may additionally contribute to the poorer prognosis compared to malignant germ cell tumors at other sites.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…1 The vast majority of central nervous system germ cell tumors (CNS-GCTs) develop in the pineal gland or the suprasellar region, and approximately 10% of all CNS-GCTs present as bifocal tumors. 2,3 The extragonadal appearance of germ cell tumors is likely related to errors in germ cell migration during early embryonal development. Accordingly, imprinting studies of gonadal and extragonadal germ cell tumors show loss of the methylation imprint at imprinting control regions, correlating with the methylation status within early stages of primordial germ cell development.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%