Cerebral birth injuries are of great importance from two standpoints:(1) their recognition and treatment in the early stages of their occurrence, and (2) the determination of the sequelae or after-effects in later life if survival takes place. Much is known concerning the acute manifestations of the various types of cerebral birth injuries, but very little can be said concerning their after-effects. There has been much speculation among investigators concerning such effects, but no good data are available on which to base sound conclusions. Most of the subject matter in this chapter therefore will deal with the acute effects of cerebral birth injuries, but some consideration will be given to the sequelae in so far as it is possible to do so. Many types of injury may occur. The outcome of the case will depend largely of course on the nature and degree of the injury.