Intracranial hypertension and cryptococcal meningitis in a girl with AIDS

Laverda, Anna Maria; Ruga, Ezia; Pagliaro, Alessandra; Pinello, Maria Luisa; Giaquinto, Carlo

doi:10.1016/0387-7604(96)00022-8

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In our study, about 84.26% patients had high intracranial pressure, 79.12% of which were higher than 30 cm H 2 O. So far, there is no pathophysiologic mechanisms about the change, but it can be linked to impaired CSF reabsorption as a consequence of a direct cryptococcal infiltration of the villi [21]. Reduced CSF outflow possibly resulting from an increased outflow resistance - though not necessarily accompanied by prominent cerebral edema [22] - can to some extent explain the ICP in cryptococcal meningoencephalitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

A retrospective study of contributing factors for prognosis and survival length of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in Southern part of China (1998–2013)

Zheng

Luo

et al. 2015

BMC Infect Dis

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BackgroundCryptococcal meningoencephalitis (CM) is the most common opportunistic infection of the central nervous system (CNS). Despite this observation, there have only been a few studies analyzing clinical characteristics as well as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), electroencephalograph (EEG), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features in CM patients of all ages.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of all patients diagnosed with cryptococcal meningoencephalitis from 1998 to 2013 in the Nanfang Hospital in China and gathered data on the underlying diseases, bird exposure history, and clinical features, including those from CSF, EEG and MRI.ResultsCM is more likely to infect adults younger than 60 years old. 71.3% of CM patients were male. Unlike data from other countries, we found that chronic use of corticosteroids or other immunosuppressants (17.59%) was the most frequent risk factor in CM patients rather than HIV infection (1.85%). Clear exposure with bird/ bird droppings before CM onset is obvious in a previous study in CM children. However, our study found that 4.63% CM patients had such an exposure. More importantly, patients with brain tissue damage (p = 0.021) and decreased CSF/blood glucose ratio (p = 0.008) were significantly associated with death, but only the decreased CSF/blood glucose ratio was the contributing factor of prognosis (odds ratio, 0.047; p = 0.025). Decreased CSF/blood glucose ratio was significantly related to the survival length of CM (odds ratio, 0.134; p = 0.033).ConclusionsOur study shows that CM has predilection for young male adults. The chronic use of corticosteroids or other immunosuppressants, rather than HIV infection or bird/bird droppings exposure, was the most frequent risk factor in CM patients in our study. Decreased CSF/blood glucose ratio was both an independent contributing factor to death and was significantly related to the survival length of CM patients. The more decreased the CSF/blood glucose ratio was, the worse prognosis and shorter survival length CM patients had.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-015-0826-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

A retrospective study of contributing factors for prognosis and survival length of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in Southern part of China (1998–2013)

Zheng

Luo

et al. 2015

BMC Infect Dis

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“…These include administration of dexamethasone and acetazolamide [10][11]. Serial lumbar punctures, CSF diversion techniques (ventriculoperitoneal (VP) and lumbar-peritoneal (LP) shunting and insertion of a lumbar drains) [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged external ventricular drainage to treat Cryptococcus gattii induced intracranial hypertension without hydrocephalus.

Kamat¹,

Woon²

2013

Cureus

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“…9,39,103 Papilledema may develop from raised intracranial pressure from CNS infections or neoplastic processes. Papilledema in AIDS patients has been reported in cryptococcal meningitis, [104][105][106][107][108][109] cerebral toxoplasmosis, herpes zoster, neurosyphilis, 110 cytomegalovirus, 111 lymphoma, 112 tuberculous meningitis and tuberculoma.…”

Section: Papilledemamentioning

confidence: 99%

The neuro-ophthalmology of HIV-AIDS review of Neurobehavioral HIV Medicine

Sudhakar¹,

Kedar

Berger³

2012

NBHIV

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Neuro-ophthalmic problems are known to occur both in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and AIDS. Central nervous system (CNS) opportunistic infections and malignancies such as lymphoma are the major source of these problems but some result from the direct effect of the virus on the CNS. Both the afferent visual pathway and efferent ocular motor system may be affected. Neuro-ophthalmic signs may sometimes be the initial manifestation of AIDS. A variety of neuro-ophthalmic manifestations may be encountered in the same patient. Several large studies on the ophthalmic features of AIDS have included neuroophthalmic manifestations in their series. However dedicated comprehensive review articles on this subject are few. Despite the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), neuro-ophthalmic manifestations still remain a problem in HIV. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the neuro-ophthalmic sequelae of AIDS.

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Intracranial hypertension and cryptococcal meningitis in a girl with AIDS

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

A retrospective study of contributing factors for prognosis and survival length of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in Southern part of China (1998–2013)

A retrospective study of contributing factors for prognosis and survival length of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in Southern part of China (1998–2013)

Prolonged external ventricular drainage to treat Cryptococcus gattii induced intracranial hypertension without hydrocephalus.

The neuro-ophthalmology of HIV-AIDS review of Neurobehavioral HIV Medicine

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