Intracranial Self-Stimulation

Vlachou, Styliani; Markou, Athina

doi:10.1007/978-1-60761-934-5_1

Cited by 44 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 266 publications

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“…The present study showed depression of ICSS by a noxious stimulus, but ICSS can also be depressed by other manipulations associated with negative affective states and behavioral depression, such as withdrawal from abused drugs [48]. The present finding that amitifadine blocked acid-induced depression of ICSS is consistent with a previous study showing that amitifadine reversed depression of ICSS produced by alcohol withdrawal in rats [49].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In particular, IP acid administration and other noxious stimuli depress ICSS [19,26,31,32], and studies examining drug effects on pain-depressed ICSS have yielded results that are largely consistent with the clinical analgesic efficacy of these drugs [24,25,31,33,34,38,40]. ICSS is used for research on the neurobiology of motivation and mood, and depression of ICSS is often interpreted as evidence of amotivational and anhedonic dimensions of depressed mood [13,48]. This suggests that acid-induced depression of ICSS may serve as one preclinical model of pain-related depression of behavior and mood [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of the triple monoamine uptake inhibitor amitifadine on pain-related depression of behavior and mesolimbic dopamine release in rats

Miller

Leitl

Banks

et al. 2015

Pain

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the triple monoamine uptake inhibitor amitifadine on pain-related depression of behavior and mesolimbic dopamine release in rats

Miller

Leitl

Banks

et al. 2015

Pain

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“…The animal quickly learns that the operant response reliably leads to electrical stimulation of the reward circuitry that presumably produces subjective pleasurable effects, and in our experience rats will exert up to several thousand ICSS responses in a 30 min period [46,47]. Different laboratories use a variety of stimulation parameters such as varying the intensity of the current delivered (µA), duration of pulses (msec), frequency of electrical pulse as a function of pulse / interpulse interval, and the waveform of pulses [74]. However, the two most extensively used ICSS paradigms evaluating abuse liability of psychoactive compounds are the rate-frequency curve-shift procedure [75] and the discrete-trial current threshold intensity procedure [74,76,77], the latter of which is utilized by our laboratory [46,47,51].…”

Section: Synthetic Cathinones Increase Brain Reward Circuit Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resulting decreases in ICSS thresholds (relative to baseline or saline administration) are indicative of hedonic rewarding effects of the drug (i.e., less current is required to activate the reward circuitry due to prior activation by the drug administered), whereas elevations in ICSS thresholds are indicative of aversive or dysphoric effects (i.e., more current is required to activate the reward circuitry due to the aversive nature of the drug administered). ICSS procedures have been used for over 50 years and have consistently revealed that nearly all drugs that are abused by humans, including psychostimulants, lower ICSS thresholds [51,71,74–76]. …”

Section: Synthetic Cathinones Increase Brain Reward Circuit Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic Cathinones and Their Rewarding and Reinforcing Effects in Rodents

Watterson

2014

Advances in Neuroscience

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Synthetic cathinones, colloquially referred to as “bath salts”, are derivatives of the psychoactive alkaloid cathinone found in Catha edulis (Khat). Since the mid-to-late 2000’s, these amphetamine-like psychostimulants have gained popularity amongst drug users due to their potency, low cost, ease of procurement, and constantly evolving chemical structures. Concomitant with their increased use is the emergence of a growing collection of case reports of bizarre and dangerous behaviors, toxicity to numerous organ systems, and death. However, scientific information regarding the abuse liability of these drugs has been relatively slower to materialize. Recently we have published several studies demonstrating that laboratory rodents will readily self-administer the “first generation” synthetic cathinones methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) and methylone via the intravenous route, in patterns similar to those of methamphetamine. Under progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement, the rank order of reinforcing efficacy of these compounds are MDPV ≥ methamphetamine > methylone. MDPV and methylone, as well as the “second generation” synthetic cathinones α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (α-PVP) and 4-methylethcathinone (4-MEC), also dose-dependently increase brain reward function. Collectively, these findings indicate that synthetic cathinones have a high abuse and addiction potential and underscore the need for future assessment of the extent and duration of neurotoxicity induced by these emerging drugs of abuse.

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“…Intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) is one behavioral assay used to assess the abuseliability of drugs (Kornetsky and Esposito 1979; Vlachou and Markou 2011; Wise 1996). In ICSS, subjects are first equipped with chronic electrodes that target brain areas such as the medial forebrain bundle and are then trained to lever press for electrical stimulation delivered via the electrode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of chronic amphetamine treatment on cocaine-induced facilitation of intracranial self-stimulation in rats

2014

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Rationale: Chronic amphetamine treatment reduces cocaine self-administration in pre-clinical and clinical settings, and amphetamine has been proposed as a candidate medication for treatment of cocaine abuse. Objectives: Investigate whether chronic amphetamine treatment can decrease the abuse-related cocaine effects in an assay of intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS). Methods: Thirteen adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were equipped with intracranial electrodes targeting the medial forebrain bundle and trained to lever press for pulses of brain stimulation in a “frequency-rate” ICSS procedure. Cocaine (10 mg/kg) was administered before (Day 0), during (Days 7 and 14) and after (post-treatment days 1 and 3) two weeks of continuous treatment with either amphetamine (0.32mg/kg/hr, n=7) or saline (n=6) via osmotic pump. Results: Prior to treatment, cocaine facilitated ICSS in all rats. Saline treatment had no effect on baseline ICSS or cocaine-induced facilitation of ICSS at any time. Conversely, amphetamine produced a sustained though sub-maximal facilitation of baseline ICSS, and cocaine produced little additional facilitation of ICSS during amphetamine treatment. Termination of amphetamine treatment produced a depression of baseline ICSS and recovery of cocaine-induced facilitation of ICSS. Conclusions: These data suggest that chronic amphetamine treatment blunts expression of abuse-related cocaine effects on ICSS in rats.

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Intracranial Self-Stimulation

Cited by 44 publications

References 266 publications

Effects of the triple monoamine uptake inhibitor amitifadine on pain-related depression of behavior and mesolimbic dopamine release in rats

Effects of the triple monoamine uptake inhibitor amitifadine on pain-related depression of behavior and mesolimbic dopamine release in rats

Synthetic Cathinones and Their Rewarding and Reinforcing Effects in Rodents

The effect of chronic amphetamine treatment on cocaine-induced facilitation of intracranial self-stimulation in rats

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