Intradermal fillers for minimally invasive treatment of facial aging

Abstract

The ever-increasing interest in retaining a youthful physical appearance has facilitated the development of various minimally invasive dermatological techniques. The use of intradermal fillers can be incorporated into dermatological practices with minimal overhead costs. This strategy addresses facial volume loss and dynamic lines, which are the main features of facial aging. Moreover, intradermal fillers provide an array of flexible treatment options for a balanced and holistic result to dermatological practitioners. This paper reviews the different intradermal fillers categorized by biodegradable and non-permanent fillers including collagen based materials, hyaluronic acid and autologous fat, semi-permanent fillers including poly methyl methacrylate, poly-L-lactic acid and calcium hydroxyapatite microspheres, and permanent fillers including silicone. A discussion is provided of the commercial products made of these materials and their clinical efficacy in the treatment of facial aging. Key words:Intradermal fillers; facial aging; volumization; biodegradable and non-permanent fillers; semipermanent fillers; permanent fillers Xin Zhao is an associate professor at Xi'an Jiaotong University, China. Prior to starting this appointment, she was a postdoctoral fellow at Medical School and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences at Harvard University. Her research involves engineering the micro-and nanoscale systems for tissue regeneration and drug delivery.

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