Intradermal Study of a New Local Anaesthetic Agent: Aptocaine

Reynolds, F.; Bryson, T.H.L.; Nicholas, A. D. G.

doi:10.1093/bja/48.4.347

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It was suggested (Aps & Reynolds, 1976;Reynolds et al, 1976) that the vasodilatation we observed previously with high local anaesthetic concentrations was due to irritation, since it was associated with an increased incidence of bleeding and bruising. Such haemorrhagic changes were not observed in the present study in which bupivacaine concentration was probably below the irritant level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Within each isomer duration increases with concentration in the range 0.24-1.92 mmol/l. Such a relationship has not been observed at higher concentrations of racemic bupivacaine and other local anaesthetics (Aps & Reynolds, 1976;Reynolds et al, 1976).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In the case of mepivacaine, Aberg & Wahlstrom (1969 showed that the L(+)-isomer had a much more marked contractile effect on rat portal vein than the D(-)-isomer, though for bupivacaine there was no significant difference between the isomers. Concentrations, also, affect vasoactivity in the skin (Reynolds, Bryson & Nicholas, 1976;Aps & Reynolds, 1976) and tension in the rat portal vein (Aberg & Wahlstr8m, 1972). We therefore examined the local anaesthetic and vascular activity and duration of action of L(-)-and D(+)-bupivacaine given intradermally to volunteers over a range of eight concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

An intradermal study of the local anaesthetic and vascular effects of the isomers of bupivacaine.

Aps¹,

Reynolds²

1978

Brit J Clinical Pharma

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1 L(‐)‐ and D(+)‐bupivacaine in eight different concentrations from 0.06 to 7.69 mmol/l (0.002–0.25%) and physiological saline were given intradermally to seventeen volunteers, using a double‐blind technique. 2 Local colour changes were observed as 'nil', 'pink' or 'pale' and analgesia to pinprick was assessed every 10 min to give an estimate of apparent in vivo potency and duration of action (50% recovery). 3 Both isomers were vasodilator in all cases at 7.69 mmol/l, but the incidence of vasodilatation waned with decreasing concentration, more rapidly with L(‐)‐than with D(+)‐bupivacaine. 4 Only L(‐)‐bupivacaine showed a vasoconstrictor effect. This was maximal at a concentration of 0.48 mmol/l, when the incidence of pallor was 92%. 5 L(‐)‐bupivacaine had a longer duration of analgesic action than the (D+)‐isomer from 0.48‐3.84 mmol/l; this was reflected in a higher apparent in vivo potency.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An intradermal study of the local anaesthetic and vascular effects of the isomers of bupivacaine.

Aps¹,

Reynolds²

1978

Brit J Clinical Pharma

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In a review of the literature by Renck (4), it was concluded that although documentation to date is generally poor and confusing, tachyphylaxis is observed in patients with postoperative pain. It has been suggested that the mechanism leading to tachyphylaxis may be a reduction in the amount of penetrant free base owing to a progressive decrease in the local pH (5), but experimental studies have failed to support this hypothesis (6,7). Another suggested explanation has been that a potential accumulation of sodium ions in the epidural space (added to the local anaesthetic solutions to preserve isobarity) may occur and lead to tachyphylaxis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in spread of analgesia and loss of temperature discrimination during intermittent postoperative epidural bupivacaine administration

Bigler¹,

Hjortsø²,

Kehlet³

1986

Acta Anaesthesiol Scand

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The proximal-distal and bilateral extent of analgesia and loss of temperature discrimination were assessed during the initial 34.5 h after major abdominal surgery in ten patients receiving intermittent epidural bupivacaine injections according to a fixed dose regimen. Segmental spread of loss of temperature discrimination was invariably larger than analgesia at all times. During the later postoperative period (24-34 h) a pronounced intra-individual variation in both proximal-distal and bilateral spread of analgesia was observed despite identical epidural injections of bupivacaine. This variation in extent of analgesia was observed during injections of both 0.5% and 0.25% bupivacaine. The explanation of this observation is unknown but it may be shifts in catheter position, a variable disposition of the local anaesthetic agent or changes in the epidural space rather than tachyphylaxis.

show abstract

“…180 Studies on the effects of intra-dermal or subcutaneous injections of lignocaine on the microvasculature demonstrated that the vasoactivity of capillary vessels was affected by different concentrations of the local anaesthetic in human skin. [181][182][183][184] A concentration of 2% (20mg/ml) produced vasodilation in comparison with the vasoconstriction at concentrations of 0.5% (5mg/ml) and 1% (10mg/ml). In addition, the administration of 2% Lignocaine contributed to the increase in cutaneous blood flow which was associated with the trauma of needle stick injury.…”

Section: Time Epidermis Superficial Dermis Deep Dermis Subcutis H O Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mode of action of intra-dermal sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) as a chemical alternative to mulesing in sheep

Lee¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sheep blowfly strike imposes significant economic costs of $260 million annually from disruptions to farm management operations 1, 2 associated with high labour cost of controlling flystrike, 3 sheep morbidity and mortality, and loss of wool productivity. 4 Mulesing, the surgical removal of skin from the breech which minimises soiling and reduces susceptibility to flystrike, is performed without anaesthetic and is therefore perceived as cruel and painful as reflected by physiological and behavioural alterations in affected lambs. 5,6 Intra-dermal sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) was trialled in this study as a potential chemical alternative to mulesing. A sound mulesing alternative would ideally provide efficient wound healing and hairless scar formation which increases the bare area of the breech while causing minimal discomfort to the animal.In a sighting study, 3 Merino wethers were given intra-dermal injections of SLS at specific sites on the flank which were biopsied at different time points over 28 days. Assessments were made on gross and histological changes of wound healing as well as early behavioural indicators of pain.Based on the results of the sighting study, the following protocol refinements were made for the main study which used 6 Merino wethers, to:1) reduce biopsy frequency with concentration around specimens of histopathologic interest;2) expand lesion parameters and sharpen the grading process;3) improve SLS delivery using a pressurized needleless applicator; 4) incorporate analysis of SLS's mode of action at the ultrastructural level; 5) improve the approach for pain assessment.Treated sheep showed minimal behavioural or postural indicators of pain or discomfort, their appetite was normal and there was a net gain in body weight, when compared with their untreated cohorts. Gross appearance of the treatment site consisted of initial swelling which subsided by day 14 leaving a firm, slightly raised, crust. At day 21, the treated area was depressed and covered by a scab (eschar) which partially sloughed off by day 28.Histological examination revealed necrosis of soft tissue structures (including hair bulbs, collagen, vessels and nerves) in the subcutis and deep dermis at 2 minutes after treatment, followed by subsequent additional ischaemic necrosis of the superficial dermis and epidermis with progressive inflammation, proliferation and remodelling of the wound. Fibroplasia and angiogenesis were accompanied with reepithelialisation starting at day 7, subjacent to areas of full dermal-epidermal

show abstract

Intradermal Study of a New Local Anaesthetic Agent: Aptocaine

Cited by 21 publications

References 7 publications

An intradermal study of the local anaesthetic and vascular effects of the isomers of bupivacaine.

An intradermal study of the local anaesthetic and vascular effects of the isomers of bupivacaine.

Variation in spread of analgesia and loss of temperature discrimination during intermittent postoperative epidural bupivacaine administration

The mode of action of intra-dermal sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) as a chemical alternative to mulesing in sheep

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About