Intradural Extramedullary Spinal Metastases from Non-neurogenic Primary Tumors: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background/Aim: Intradural extramedullary spinal metastases (IESMs) may severely affect quality-of-life of oncological patients. Several treatments are available but their impact on prognosis is unclear. We systematically reviewed the literature on IESMs of non-neurogenic origin. Materials and Methods: PubMed, Ovid EMBASE, Scopus, and Web-of-Science were screened to include articles reporting patients with IESMs from non-neurogenic primary tumors. Clinico-radiological presentation, treatments, and outcomes were analyzed. Results: We included 51 articles encompassing 130 patients of a median age of 62 years (range=32-91 years). The most common primary neoplasms were pulmonary (26.2%), renal (20%), and breast (13.8%) carcinomas. Median time interval from primary tumor to IESMs was 18 months (range=0-240 months). The most common symptoms were sensory (58.3%) and motor (54.2%) deficits. Acute cauda equina syndrome was reported in 29 patients (37.7%). Lesions were diagnosed at magnetic resonance imaging (93.3%), myelography (25%), or computed

Surgical management of spinal intradural metastatic pathologies: a case-based review

“…In addition, one series notes that sensory and motor deficits occur in 58 and 54% of cases, respectively. The same series found that acute cauda equina syndrome is observed in approximately one-third of cases [ 6 ].…”

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Insights into Spinal Glomangioma of a Unique Intradural, Extramedullary Presentation—Systematic Review

“…Given the anatomical proximity to spinal nerves or the dura mater, schwannomas, meningiomas, and ependymomas emerge as the predominant primary tumors of the spinal canal [ 5 , 6 ]. Certain malignant primary [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ] or metastatic [ 11 , 12 ] intradural lesions, although infrequent, may resemble their primary counterparts; however, their initial management differs as it typically requires adjunct oncological treatment [ 13 , 14 ]. Among the less commonly encountered non-malignant tumors are ependymomas, hemangiomas, lipomas, paragangliomas, vascular neoplasms, nerve sheath myxoma, and other exceptionally rare entities, including the seldom-described glomus tumors of the spinal canal [ 15 , 16 ].…”