Intragastric nitric oxide is abolished in intubated patients and restored by nitrite*

Björne, Håkan; Govoni, Mirco; Törnberg, Daniel C.; Lundberg, Jon O.; Weitzberg, Eddie

doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000171204.59502.aa

Cited by 47 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The high NO levels that we have found in the stomach as a consequence of the dietary nitrate intake confirm earlier reports (8,9,35,37). The ingested nitrate is absorbed in the proximal small intestine and then concentrated in the salivary glands (49).…”

supporting

confidence: 79%

“…This difference is also clear when one compares the resulting intragastric levels of NO in rats and humans after intake of nitrate. In rats, NO levels can reach up to ϳ10 ppm as shown here and earlier (9,45), whereas, in humans, the levels are at least 10-fold higher after ingesting the same amount of nitrate (8). Together, it is very likely that the daily dose of nitrate used here compares to what is readily achievable in humans through a high intake of nitrate-rich vegetables such as spinach, lettuce, or beetroot, which typically contain between 1,800 and 4,200 mg/kg (13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dietary nitrate increases gastric mucosal blood flow and mucosal defense

Petersson

Phillipson²,

Jansson³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

Self Cite

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Salivary nitrate from dietary or endogenous sources is reduced to nitrite by oral bacteria. In the acidic stomach, nitrite is further reduced to bioactive nitrogen oxides, including nitric oxide (NO). In this study, we investigated the gastroprotective role of nitrate intake and of luminally applied nitrite against provocation with diclofenac and taurocholate. Mucosal permeability ( 51 Cr-EDTA clearance) and gastric mucosal blood flow (laser-Doppler flowmetry) were measured in anesthetized rats, either pretreated with nitrate in the drinking water or given acidified nitrite luminally. Diclofenac was given intravenously and taurocholate luminally to challenge the gastric mucosa. Luminal NO content and nitrite content in the gastric mucus were determined by chemiluminescence. The effect of luminal administration of acidified nitrite on the mucosal blood flow was also investigated in endothelial nitric oxide synthasedeficient mice. Rats pretreated with nitrate or given nitrite luminally had higher gastric mucosal blood flow than controls. Permeability increased more during the provocation in the controls than in the nitrate-and nitrite-treated animals. Dietary nitrate increased luminal NO levels 50 times compared with controls. Nitrate intake also resulted in nitrite accumulation in the loosely adherent mucous layer; after removal of this mucous layer, blood flow was reduced. Nitrite administrated luminally in endothelial nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice increased mucosal blood flow. We conclude that dietary nitrate and direct luminal application of acidified nitrite decrease diclofenacand taurocholate-induced mucosal damage. The gastroprotective effect likely involves a higher mucosal blood flow caused by nonenzymatic NO production. These data suggest an important physiological role of nitrate in the diet. laser-Doppler flowmetry;51 chromium-labeled EDTA clearance; nitrite; rats; endothelial nitric oxide synthase deficient; gastric mucus THE ROLE OF NITRATE IN OUR diet has been a subject of great controversy over the years. The anxiety concerning nitrate consumption is related to the presumed association with gastrointestinal cancer. Today, however, there are more studies contradicting than supporting such a correlation (36). Several recent studies have in fact suggested that dietary nitrate has a gastroprotective role (6,16,31,32,35,38). Most of the nitrate in our diet originates from green leafy vegetables, a natural source of food for humans. Bacteria in the oral cavity reduce parts of the nitrate to nitrite, and human saliva therefore contains both of these anions (49). A large amount of nitric oxide (NO) is produced in the upper gut when swallowed nitrite reacts with hydrogen ions (6,35,37).

show abstract

supporting

confidence: 79%

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Dietary nitrate increases gastric mucosal blood flow and mucosal defense

Petersson

Phillipson²,

Jansson³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

Self Cite

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, there are several issues involving human health including infantile methemoglobinemia (attributed to excessive dietary nitrate reduced by intestinal bacteria) [20] and the bacterial reduction in saliva of nitrate to nitrite that is then ingested [21] that have drawn attention. In addition, as will be discussed below, nitrate can be activated by heme models to produce other highly reactive NO x species [22], and such processes have potential relevance to the chemical biology of the nitrogen oxides.…”

Section: Why Study Heme Reactions With the Nitrogen Oxides?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dynamic processes taking place with iron-porphyrins nitrato complexes in the presence of NO. strong oxidant and nitrating agent destructive to living systems [20,21].…”

Section: Further Reaction Of Fe(tpp)(no 3 )(No) With Nitric Oxidementioning

confidence: 99%

FTIR and optical spectroscopic studies of the reactions of heme models with nitric oxide and other NOx in porous layered solids

Kurtikyan

Ford

2008

Coordination Chemistry Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…On the other hand, formation of NO in the stomach has been investigated by measuring the concentration of NO in the air expelled from the stomach [8,9] and in the stomach [10], and the results have indicated that the concentration of NO in the stomach is increased by the increase in the concentration of nitrite in saliva. It has also been reported that the increase in the concentration of nitrite in saliva after the administration of nitrate [11] accompanies the increase in the concentration of NO in the stomach [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proanthocyanidins in Buckwheat Flour Can Reduce Salivary Nitrite to Nitric Oxide in the Stomach

Takahama

Tanaka

Hirota

2009

Plant Foods Hum Nutr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Buckwheat flour, which is used for various dishes in the world, is a good source of proanthocyanidins. Proanthocyanidins in the buckwheat flour reduced nitrous acid producing nitric oxide (NO) when the flour was suspended in acidified saliva or in acidic buffer solution in the presence of nitrite. The ingestion of dough prepared from buckwheat flour increased the concentration of NO in the air expelled from the stomach, suggesting that the proanthocyanidins also reduced nitrite to NO in the stomach. During the production of NO by the buckwheat flour/nitrous acid systems, oxidation, nitration, and nitrosation of proanthocyanidins proceeded. The increase in the concentration of NO could improve the activity of stomach helping the digestion of ingested foods and the nitration and nitrosation of the proanthocyanidins could contribute to the scavenging of reactive nitrogen oxide species generated from NO and nitrous acid.

show abstract

Intragastric nitric oxide is abolished in intubated patients and restored by nitrite*

Cited by 47 publications

References 40 publications

Dietary nitrate increases gastric mucosal blood flow and mucosal defense

Dietary nitrate increases gastric mucosal blood flow and mucosal defense

FTIR and optical spectroscopic studies of the reactions of heme models with nitric oxide and other NOx in porous layered solids

Proanthocyanidins in Buckwheat Flour Can Reduce Salivary Nitrite to Nitric Oxide in the Stomach

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About