Intragastrointestinal Alcohol Fermentation Syndrome: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature

Kaji, Haruo; Asanuma, Yoshihide; Yahara, Osamu; Shibue, H.; Hisamura, Masaya; Saito, Nariyoshi; Kawakami, Yoshimi; Murao, Makoto

doi:10.1016/s0015-7368(84)72325-5

Cited by 73 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Furthermore, unmetabolised ethanol would further be diluted with body water which is 50-69% of body weight. Exception might be expected in persons with abnormal proliferation of Candida in the gut and with gut stagnation [12]. The values of blood ethanol reported in this study and those reported by others indicates that they are far too low to have any forensic significance.…”

Section: Ion Source 220 [ºC] 220ºccontrasting

confidence: 72%

“…Some researches indicated that the normal production of alcohol might result in blood levels, which are defensible in court [12][13][14]. However, the result of those study and from others [4][5][6][7][8][9] indicate that the current legal limit of blood alcohol in many countries are too large to be blood ethanol concentration resulting from carbohydrates fermentation in gut would occur if its production rate exceeds the metabolism of ethanol of 6-8 g/h by alcohol dehydrogenase [15].…”

Section: Ion Source 220 [ºC] 220ºcmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Endogenous Ethanol Production Levels in Saudi Arabia Residents

Ragab¹

2015

J Alcohol Drug Depend

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The word "endogenous" means produced or originating from within the body, so endogenous ethanol therefore implies a spontaneous auto regulation of ethanol through various human metabolic processes. In the current research, endogenous ethanol concentrations in blood were determined by sensitive headspace gas chromatography/mass Spectrophotometry in 1400 residents of Saudi Arabia. The subjects were from 14 nationalities, of both sexes and of different age groups. There was no significance difference in blood ethanol concentration between nationalities or between sexes within and between nationalities. The data was extracted and the overall mean ± SD, minimum, maximum, 5% percentile and 95% percentile were 0.14, ± 0.35, 0.00, 1.53 , 0.00, 1.20 mg/dl respectively. The values of blood ethanol concentration as reported in this study indicate they are far too low to have any forensic significance.

show abstract

Section: Ion Source 220 [ºC] 220ºccontrasting

confidence: 72%

Section: Ion Source 220 [ºC] 220ºcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous Ethanol Production Levels in Saudi Arabia Residents

Ragab¹

2015

J Alcohol Drug Depend

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Only in pathological circumstances does bacterial production of ethanol markedly increase, as first described by Ladkin and Davis 13 in 1948 and later by other authors. [21][22][23] In this exceptional situation, referred to as the "auto-brewery syndrome," an excessive overload of carbohydrate or glucose is introduced in a digestive system with abnormal yeast or bacterial proliferation-particularly Candida species 24 -and massive alcoholic fermentation and ethanol production ensues. 22,23 The biochemical pathway follows the steps of anaerobic glycolysis to pyruvate, as occurs in mammals, but bacteria and yeast also contain the enzyme pyruvate decarboxylase, not present in humans, that converts pyruvate to acetaldehyde, which is then converted to ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenase (working in the opposite direction from its role in humans).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breath Ethanol and Acetone as Indicators of Serum Glucose Levels: An Initial Report

Galassetti

Novak

Nemet

et al. 2005

Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics

191

147

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Many volatile organic compounds are present in exhaled breath and may represent by-products of endogenous biological processes. Ethanol is produced via alcoholic fermentation of glucose by gut bacteria and yeast, while acetone derives from oxidations of free fatty acids, influenced by glucose metabolism. We hypothesized that the integrated analysis of breath ethanol and acetone would provide a good approximation of the blood glucose profile during a glucose load.Methods: We collected simultaneous exhaled breath gas, ambient air, and serum glucose and insulin samples from 10 healthy volunteers at baseline and during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (ingestion of 75 g of glucose followed by 120 min of sampling). Gas samples were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.Results: Mean glucose values displayed a typical OGTT pattern (rapid increase, peak values at 30-60 min, and gradual return to near baseline by 120 min). Breath ethanol displayed a similar pattern early in the test, with peak values at 30 min; this was followed by a fast return to basal levels by 60 min. Breath acetone decreased progressively below basal levels, with lowest readings obtained at 120 min. A multiple regression analysis of glucose, ethanol, and acetone was used to estimate glucose profiles that correlated with measured glucose values with an average individual correlation coefficient of 0.70, and not lower than 0.41 in any subject.Conclusion: The integrated analysis of multiple exhaled gases may serve as a marker of blood glucose levels. Further studies are needed to assess the usefulness of this method in different populations.

show abstract

“…Several seemingly reliable reports from Japan demonstrate that, in certain individuals, vast amounts of endogenous ethanol were produced even to the extent producing signs and symptoms of drunkenness (Kaji et al, 1976(Kaji et al, , 1984. This occurred after subjects had eaten a carbohydrate-rich food such as rice.…”

Section: Atypical Japanese Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous Ethanol ‘Auto-Brewery Syndrome’ as a Drunk-Driving Defence Challenge

Logan

Jones²

2000

Med Sci Law

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The concentration of ethanol in blood, breath or urine constitutes important evidence for prosecuting drunk drivers. For various reasons, the reliability of the results of forensic alcohol analysis are often challenged by the defence. One such argument for acquittal concerns the notion that alcohol could be produced naturally in the body, hence the term 'auto-brewery' syndrome. Although yeasts such as Candida albicans readily produce ethanol in-vitro, whether this happens to any measurable extent in healthy ambulatory subjects is an open question. Over the years, many determinations of endogenous ethanol have been made, and in a few rare instances (Japanese subjects with very serious yeast infections) an abnormally high ethanol concentration (> 80 mg/dl) has been reported. In these atypical individuals, endogenous ethanol appeared to have been produced after they had eaten carbohydrate-rich foods. A particular genetic polymorphism resulting in reduced activity of enzymes involved in hepatic metabolism of ethanol and a negligible first-pass metabolism might explain ethnic differences in rates of endogenous ethanol production and clearance. Other reports of finding abnormally high concentrations of ethanol in body fluids from ostensibly healthy subjects suffer from deficiencies in study design and lack suitable control experiments or used non-specific analytical methods. With reliable gas chromatographic methods of analysis, the concentrations of endogenous ethanol in peripheral venous blood of healthy individuals, as well as those suffering from various metabolic disorders (diabetes, hepatitis, cirrhosis) ranged from 0-0.08 mg/dl. These concentrations are far too low to have any forensic or medical significance. The notion that a motorist's state of intoxication was caused by endogenously produced ethanol lacks merit.

show abstract

Intragastrointestinal Alcohol Fermentation Syndrome: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature

Cited by 73 publications

References 10 publications

Endogenous Ethanol Production Levels in Saudi Arabia Residents

Endogenous Ethanol Production Levels in Saudi Arabia Residents

Breath Ethanol and Acetone as Indicators of Serum Glucose Levels: An Initial Report

Endogenous Ethanol ‘Auto-Brewery Syndrome’ as a Drunk-Driving Defence Challenge

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About