Intrahepatic synthesis of immunoglobulin in liver disease

Summary The intravenous injection of 1 ml of a 0.1% (or higher %) suspension of horse red blood cells (HRBC) into rats results in the appearance of high levels of agglutinating activity in bile as well as serum. Lower doses of HRBC induce reduced responses in both fluids, demonstrating that the biliary response is as dose-dependent as the serum response. The presence of IgM anti-HRBC antibody forming cells (AFC) in the liver in numbers equivalent to those detected in the spleen at day 6 of the study suggests them to be the most likely source ofthe biliary antibody. Also, the injection of HRBC into other parenteral sites (intramuscular [i.m.], intraperitoneal [i.p.] and intrathoracic cavity [i.t.]) results in a biliary response which is considered to originate from the IgM-, IgG-and IgA-anti-HRBC AFC detected in the liver, again in numbers approximating those detected in the spleen. Splenectomy of rats immunized l.p.. i.m. and i.t. had only a minimal effect on the liver and biliary responses, indicating that AFC arising in peripheral lymphoid tissues can also relocate in the liver. It is concluded that the liver is a major site of antibody synthesis following parenteral immunization leading to substantial levels of antibody being secreted into the gastrointestinal tract.

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The cellular infiltrate in the liver in auto‐immune chronic active hepatitis: analysis with monoclonal antibodies

Frazer

Mackay

Bell

et al. 1985

Liver

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ABSTRACT— The mononuclear cell infiltrate in the liver was analyzed, using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) of known specificity, in 10 patients with auto‐immune chronic active hepatitis and, for contrast, in 14 with other types of chronic parenchymal liver diseases. In all cases, the mononuclear cell (MNC) infiltrate in the liver consisted mostly of T lymphocytes. Helper (Th) cells were more frequent than suppressor/cytotoxic T cells (Tsc) in the portal tracts and cirrhotic scar tissue, while Tsc were more common in the hepatic parenchyma. The number of Tsc cells in the parenchyma was greatest in patients with histologically active CAH and least in patients with quiescent cirrhosis. “Plasmacytoid” cells with the morphology of plasma cells, a hallmark of the MNC infiltrate in auto‐immune CAH, were more frequent in histologically active CAH than in quiescent cirrhosis. These plasmacytoid cells were T200 + ve, and hence of bone marrow origin, but the majority expressed neither membrane nor cytoplasmic immunoglobulin nor any lineage‐specific marker antigens, and hence did not fulfil criteria for B lymphocytes; however, these cells were positive for OKT10 and HLA DR. No difference was evident between the MNC infiltrate in the liver in auto‐immune CAH and that in the other acute or chronic liver diseases studied, including HBV‐associated CAH; hence immunohistological studies do not point to any pathological processes uniquely responsible for the pattern of hepatocyte damage seen in auto‐immune CAH.

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Intrahepatic synthesis of immunoglobulin in liver disease

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Mechanisms of Chronic Hepatitis

Mechanisms of Chronic Hepatitis

Antibody responses in the liver and bile of rats injected with horse erythrocytes

The cellular infiltrate in the liver in auto‐immune chronic active hepatitis: analysis with monoclonal antibodies

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