Intrahousehold Conflict Effects on Domestic Violence in Rwanda: Evidence from the Demographic and Health Survey 2019-2020

Abstract

Background Domestic violence affects approximately one-third of women globally and presents unique challenges in Rwanda. This study examined the link between domestic violence and household conflicts, focusing on infertility, unintended pregnancies, and the impact of premarital pregnancies. The survey uses data from the 2019/20 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey and addresses the influence of Rwandan cultural norms, the prevalence of child marriage, and societal attitudes toward violence. Methodology This study analysed data from the 2019-20 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey using a two-stage sampling process. Regression discontinuity design (RDD) and logistic regression were used to evaluate variables such as domestic violence incidence and age, as well as control variables such as education, marital status, and occupational status. Results The findings indicate increased risks of domestic violence as women approaching the legal marriage age of 21 years face increased risks of domestic violence, with 35.1% greater likelihoods of physical violence and 14.8% greater odds of sexual violence. Polygamous marriages significantly increase the risk of sexual violence by 26.5%. Early forced sexual encounters intensify the likelihood of physical and sexual violence by 67.5% and 129.7%, respectively. Conclusion This study highlights the increased vulnerability to physical and sexual violence linked to early sexual encounters and polygamous marriage. These findings, diverging from global trends, underscore the necessity of employing Rwanda-specific strategies. Moreover, to effectively address domestic violence, it is important to consider cultural dynamics, socioeconomic status, and matrimonial education, including sex education and bargaining power, for both parties.