Intralayer A-Site Compositional Engineering of Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskites for Thermostable and Efficient Solar Cells

Jiang, Youyu; He, Xinyi; Liu, Tiefeng; Zhao, Nan; Qin, Minchao; Liu, Junxue; Jiang, Fangyuan; Qin, Fei; Sun, Lulu; Lu, Xinhui; Jin, Shengye; Xiao, Zewen; Kamiya, Toshio; Zhou, Yinhua

doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.9b00403

Cited by 68 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Inspired by cation engineering in 3D perovskite, through the double doping or triple doping of A-site ions, the decomposition energy of perovskite can be improved, thereby improving stability (as shown in Figure 6a). [115][116][117] The A-site ion doping can also induce the preferred orientation of 2D perovskite during the fabrication process. However, it is a key point to understand the relationship between the crystal microstructure and crystallization kinetics, which is related to the carrier transport of 2D perovskite materials.…”

Section: Ion Composition Of Precursormentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallization Kinetics in 2D Perovskite Solar Cells

Wang

Lei

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

150

124

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volatile decomposition [23] or halide segregation are often observed in hybrid perovskites under various stress conditions (light, [24] thermal, [25] and electric fields [26]); 4) spontaneous phase transition easily occurs for perovskite with unstable crystal structures, particularly for inorganic perovskite. [27-29] To improve the stability of PSCs, researchers attempted numerous methods such as encapsulation, [30] additive engineering, [31] component engineering, [32] etc. [33] However, the PSCs' stability is yet to achieve a perfect solution. Recently, researchers found that the introduction of long-chain organic cations in 3D perovskite as 2D perovskite can block water and oxygen molecules, meanwhile, generate a steric effect to prevent phase transitions, and limit ion migration. [34-36] Hence, fabricating 2D [37,38] or 2D/3D [39-43] mixed perovskite as absorbing layers are effective approaches to improve the stability of PSCs. However, the PCE of 2D PSCs remain lower than that of the 3D ones, which is mainly attributed to the introduction of organic macromolecules that blocks the effective extraction and transport of carriers. [44,45] Fortunately, 2D perovskite usually has three arrangements, namely parallel, perpendicular to the glass substrate or randomly arranged. [46] Manipulating the orientation of the crystal and the phase distribution in the 2D solution-processed perovskite can improve the efficiency and reproducibility of the device. Among them, the most desired arrangement for PSCs is the one that perpendicular to the substrate. Therefore, studying the crystallization kinetics of 2D perovskite is curial to effectively control the film forming process and adjust the crystal orientation (perpendicular to the substrate), which can effectively avoid or reduce the adverse effects of the organic molecular layer and improve device efficiency. [47,48] Nevertheless, few review articles were published on this subject. In this review, we mainly focus on the key issue for controlling crystallization kinetics and summarizing the research progress of their effects on various types of 2D PSCs. We also discuss the crystal/natural quantum well (QW) structure and the original stability for 2D PSCs in detail. Finally, remaining challenges and outlooks are presented. 2. Crystal and Natural Quantum Well Structure The material structure has a substantial impact on performance. [49-51] Properties of 2D and 3D perovskites differ 2D perovskites demonstrate higher moisture stability, oxygen content, thermal stability, and a significantly lower ion migration/phase transition occurrence in comparison to 3D perovskite. These advantages imply huge potential for 2D perovskite in commercial applications in the photovoltaic field. However, the horizontal arrangement of the organic layer severely hinders the transport of carriers, and thus, the power conversion efficiency of 2D perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is significantly lower than that of 3D. Controlling the crystallization orientation to achieve rapid carrier transport can effe...

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Section: Ion Composition Of Precursormentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallization Kinetics in 2D Perovskite Solar Cells

Wang

Lei

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

150

124

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“…As shown in Figure S22 (Supporting Information), the absorption spectra of (BEA) 0.5 Cs 0.15 (FA 0.83 MA 0.17 ) 2.85 Pb 3 (I 0.83 Br 0.17 ) 10 film is dominated by excitonic peaks, indicating BEA based mixed cation perovskite is also a series of quasi‐2D/3D mixture. Furthermore, XRD patterns and SEM images (Figure S23, Supporting Information) of BEA + mixed cations perovskites films demonstrate that the triple‐A‐site cation with BEA ligand (BEA) 0.5 Cs 0.15 (FA 0.83 MA 0.17 ) 2.85 Pb 3 (I 0.83 Br 0.17 ) 10 perovskite is B ‐ACI structure, which derives from the structure of (BEA) 0.5 MA 3 Pb 3 I 10 . Figure c shows the J – V characteristics of the mixed cation devices.…”

Section: Carrier Characteristics Of (Bea)05ma3pb3i10 and (Ba)2ma2pb3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐Dimensional Perovskites with Diammonium and Monoammonium Alternant Cations for High‐Performance Photovoltaics

Liang²,

Liu

et al. 2019

Advanced Materials

108

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stability, [3,4] insensitivity to moisture and ultralow self-doping effect. [5][6][7][8] Unlike the more roundly expanded 3D perovskites, LDRP perovskites with chemical formula of (A) 2 MA n−1 Pb n I 3n+1 (where A is alkylammonium cation and n is the number of inorganic slabs) are considered as infinite nanoplatelets with atomic or molecular size obtained by quantizing the number of [PbI 6 ] 4− octahedra layers between organic ligands which causes quantum and dielectric confinement along one axis. [9][10][11][12] These ultrathin perovskite nanoplatelets are assembled together by intercalating organic cations (Van der Waals force), which protects the degradation of lattice by water and oxygen, resists ion migration and maintains the structural integrity of the 2D and quasi-2D (q-2D) perovskites. [13][14][15] As a result, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) prepared by LDRP perovskite exhibit good stability. [16][17][18][19][20] Although hydrophobic slabs of LDRP perovskites prevent corrosion form water and oxygen, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSCs are much lower than that of 3D perovskite devices. As the high dielectric constant and exciton binding energy of LDRP perovskite not only narrow the optical absorption windows, but also confine electron-hole pairs to form tight bound excitons. [21][22][23] Low-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper (LDRP) perovskites are a current theme in solar energy research as researchers attempt to fabricate stable photovoltaic devices from them. However, poor exciton dissociation and insufficiently fast charge transfer slows the charge extraction in these devices, resulting in inferior performance. 1,4-Butanediamine (BEA)-based low-dimensional perovskites are designed to improve the carrier extraction efficiency in such devices. Structural characterization using single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that these layered perovskites are formed by the alternating ordering of diammonium (BEA 2+ ) and monoammonium (MA + ) cations in the interlayer space (B-ACI) with the formula (BEA) 0.5 MA n Pb n I 3n+1 . Compared to the typical LDRP counterparts, these B-ACI perovskites deliver a wider light absorption window and lower exciton binding energies with a more stable layered perovskite structure. Additionally, ultrafast transient absorption indicates that B-ACI perovskites exhibit a narrow distribution of quantum well widths, leading to a barrier-free and balanced carrier transport pathway with enhanced carrier diffusion (electron and hole) length over 350 nm. A perovskite solar cell incorporating BEA ligands achieves record efficiencies of 14.86% for (BEA) 0.5 MA 3 Pb 3 I 10 and 17.39% for (BEA) 0.5 Cs 0.15 (FA 0.83 MA 0.17 ) 2.85 Pb 3 (I 0.83 Br 0.17 ) 10 without hysteresis. Furthermore, the triple cations B-ACI devices can retain over 90% of their initial power conversion efficiency when stored under ambient atmospheric conditions for 2400 h and show no significant degradation under constant illumination for over 500 h.

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“…22,[29][30][31] From the commercialization of perovskite-based solar cell technology point of view, there is an urgent need to improve the stability of the perovskites in the near future. In literature, there are very few 2D perovskite materials reported that are stable under humid conditions, 29,32,33 thermal stress [34][35][36] and continuous illumination to UV light. 29 The quest to develop a stable perovskite material that can outperform under ambient conditions has motivated us to investigate the long carbon chain (C 14 , C 16 and C 18 ) organic cations in 2D perovskite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%