“…They reported improved failure strain of CFRP lamina when hybridized with steel lamina. Assuming GTS lamina as a low elongation and GTP lamina as a high elongation components of the hybrid composite, there are several hybrid mechanisms which results in improvement of strain failure of GTS lamina, according to Swolfs et al 8 Among the reported hybrid mechanisms in available literature, 12,18–20,30 modifying the damage development, mitigating the effect of induced static and dynamic stress concentrations by GTS fracture (see Figure 8) could be the most effective hybrid mechanisms at improving the failure strain of GTS lamina. However, a further and more in-depth analysis focusing on the failure mechanisms of hybrid thermoplastic-thermoset composites is required to discuss with certainty about the effective hybrid mechanisms.Figure 10.Improved failure strain of glass fiber reinforced thermoset lamina when hybridized with glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic lamina.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Generally speaking, hybrid effect is referred to any positive deviation of mechanical property of fiber hybrid composites from predictions of rule of mixture. [11][12][13][14] According to Swolfs et al, 8 hybrid effect is basically defined as the improved failure strain of low elongation fiber in hybrid composites in comparison to failure strain of low elongation fiber in non-hybrid composites. Modifying failure progression of low elongation fiber via hybridizing with high elongation fiber to gain a unique failure behavior, i.e., pseudo ductility, can also be regarded as hybrid effect.…”
Though fiber reinforced thermoset composites exhibit excellent rigidity and strength while being lightweight, they suffer from low toughness and brittle failure, which is unfavorable. On the other hand, fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites are good energy absorbers, damage resistant and recyclable; however, these materials exhibits insufficient rigidity. As a solution, the interlayer hybridization of glass fiber reinforced thermoset (GTS) and glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic (GTP) composites is proposed. This study aims at investigating the tensile properties of interlayer hybrid thermoset-thermoplastic composites. In this regard, two non-hybrid and two hybrid composite samples (GTS2-GTP and GTS4-GTP) were fabricated using common fabrication techniques: hand lay-up and hot compression molding. Both hybrid composite samples were fabricated in such a manner that GTP was sandwiched between two GTS plates. Based on the tensile test results, the failure strain of GTS sample was improved due to the interlayer hybridization with GTP. Non-hybrid composite samples exhibited one load drop in their tensile stress-strain behavior, while interlayer hybrid composites showed two load drops, which resulted in toughness increment. Moreover, hybrid thermoset-thermoplastic composites outperformed non-hybrid composites in terms of post-impact tensile properties.
“…They reported improved failure strain of CFRP lamina when hybridized with steel lamina. Assuming GTS lamina as a low elongation and GTP lamina as a high elongation components of the hybrid composite, there are several hybrid mechanisms which results in improvement of strain failure of GTS lamina, according to Swolfs et al 8 Among the reported hybrid mechanisms in available literature, 12,18–20,30 modifying the damage development, mitigating the effect of induced static and dynamic stress concentrations by GTS fracture (see Figure 8) could be the most effective hybrid mechanisms at improving the failure strain of GTS lamina. However, a further and more in-depth analysis focusing on the failure mechanisms of hybrid thermoplastic-thermoset composites is required to discuss with certainty about the effective hybrid mechanisms.Figure 10.Improved failure strain of glass fiber reinforced thermoset lamina when hybridized with glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic lamina.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Generally speaking, hybrid effect is referred to any positive deviation of mechanical property of fiber hybrid composites from predictions of rule of mixture. [11][12][13][14] According to Swolfs et al, 8 hybrid effect is basically defined as the improved failure strain of low elongation fiber in hybrid composites in comparison to failure strain of low elongation fiber in non-hybrid composites. Modifying failure progression of low elongation fiber via hybridizing with high elongation fiber to gain a unique failure behavior, i.e., pseudo ductility, can also be regarded as hybrid effect.…”
Though fiber reinforced thermoset composites exhibit excellent rigidity and strength while being lightweight, they suffer from low toughness and brittle failure, which is unfavorable. On the other hand, fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites are good energy absorbers, damage resistant and recyclable; however, these materials exhibits insufficient rigidity. As a solution, the interlayer hybridization of glass fiber reinforced thermoset (GTS) and glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic (GTP) composites is proposed. This study aims at investigating the tensile properties of interlayer hybrid thermoset-thermoplastic composites. In this regard, two non-hybrid and two hybrid composite samples (GTS2-GTP and GTS4-GTP) were fabricated using common fabrication techniques: hand lay-up and hot compression molding. Both hybrid composite samples were fabricated in such a manner that GTP was sandwiched between two GTS plates. Based on the tensile test results, the failure strain of GTS sample was improved due to the interlayer hybridization with GTP. Non-hybrid composite samples exhibited one load drop in their tensile stress-strain behavior, while interlayer hybrid composites showed two load drops, which resulted in toughness increment. Moreover, hybrid thermoset-thermoplastic composites outperformed non-hybrid composites in terms of post-impact tensile properties.
“…Four failure modes were considered from the Hashin failure criterion: fiber tensile (FT) failure, fiber compression (FC) failure, matrix tensile (MT) failure, and matrix compression (MC) failure. [29][30][31] Once any one of the failure modes was satisfied, the stiffness matrix began to degrade in accordance with the element weakening method [29][30][31] :…”
Section: Finite Element Modelingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These values were updated separately based on the activated failure mode in the composite and degraded stiffness matrix presented in equation ( 5) to calculate stress; here, S mt and S mc variables are defined as the loss factors for shear stiffness degradation. According to the literature, [29][30][31] S mt and S mc were assumed to be 0.9 and 0.5, respectively. A VUMAT subroutine was prepared to implement the aforementioned damage model in the composite strut.…”
A finite element model (FEM) using a more realistic three-dimensional geometry of lattice truss core was proposed to simulate the flatwise compression test on lattice truss core sandwich composites (LTCSCs). The goal was to reduce the disparity between experimental results and FEM predictions without inclusion of imperfection, as oppose to similar studies. Besides, two modified Kagome topologies were suggested and fabricated by adding vertical composite struts at specific locations. Based on the experimental results, the modified Kagome topologies exhibited superior specific compressive stiffness and strength over the Kagome topology, by about 100%. In addition, facesheet rotation of Kagome topology was found by the FEM, which considerably affect its compressive performance. Facesheet rotation is caused by the arrangement of composite struts of LTCSC. Compressive response of LTCSC was acceptably predicted by the FEM, though there was quite high error for compressive stiffness and strength. Probable sources of discrepancy between experimental and FEM results were discussed.
“…On considering the arranged way of constituent materials, the hybrid composites can be divided into interlayer hybrid, intralayer hybrid, intermingled hybrid, selective hybrid and super hybrid. 3 Some recent studies have focused on the tensile, 4,5 impact 6 and interlaminar properties 7 of intralayer hybrid composite laminates.…”
This study presents an investigation on the mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of composites made of plain woven fabrics reinforced with carbon fibers, aramid fibers, and their intralayer hybrids. The specimens were fabricated by hand lay-up method. Tension, compression, and shear tests were performed in accordance with the relevant standards to investigate the tensile, compression, and shear properties of carbon fiber, aramid fiber, and carbon/aramid fiber intralayer hybrid plain woven composites. Accurate strain field was obtained by digital image correlation (DIC) technology and compared with the results measured by the strain rosettes. Furthermore, a multi-scale modeling strategy was developed to predict the mechanical properties of the hybrid composites. The fiber monofilament model was used to calculate the effective properties of carbon and aramid yarns at the micro-scale level. Representative volume element (RVE) models of the hybrid composite were constructed considering the real fabric pattern at the meso-scale level. The predicted results agree well with the experimental data which validates the multi-scale modeling strategy. The presented information on the tensile, compressive, and shear properties and finite element simulation method of carbon/aramid intralayer hybrid composites should be useful in subsequent research as well as in designing new high-performance composites and structures.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
