Intralocus sexual conflict and insecticide resistance

Hawkes, M. F.; Gamble, Clive; Turner, Elaine; Carey, Matthew; Wedell, Nina; Hosken, David J.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2016.1429

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The existence of elevated genetic diversity relative to neutral expectations across species is puzzling, as directional selection and drift are both expected to erode variation. However, there is increasing evidence that intralocus sexual conflict, through balancing selection, can significantly increase genome‐wide patterns of variability (Chippindale, Gibson, & Rice, ; Delcourt, Blows, & Rundle, ; Foerster et al, ; Hawkes et al, ; Lonn et al, ; Mokkonen et al, ). Therefore, variation in sexual conflict across lineages, probably mediated by mating systems, could drive variation in genetic diversity across species and resolve this apparent paradox.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic sexual dimorphism is associated with genomic signatures of resolved sexual conflict

et al. 2019

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Intralocus sexual conflict, where an allele benefits one sex at the expense of the other, has an important role in shaping genetic diversity of populations through balancing selection. However, the potential for mating systems to exert balancing selection through sexual conflict on the genome remains unclear. Furthermore, the nature and potential for resolution of sexual conflict across the genome has been hotly debated. To address this, we analysed de novo transcriptomes from six avian species, chosen to reflect the full range of sexual dimorphism and mating systems. Our analyses combine expression and population genomic statistics across reproductive and somatic tissue, with measures of sperm competition and promiscuity. Our results reveal that balancing selection is weakest in the gonad, consistent with the resolution of sexual conflict and evolutionary theory that phenotypic sex differences are associated with lower levels of ongoing conflict. We also demonstrate a clear link between variation in sexual conflict and levels of genetic variation across phylogenetic space in a comparative framework. Our observations suggest that this conflict is short‐lived, and is resolved via the decoupling of male and female gene expression patterns, with important implications for the role of sexual selection in adaptive potential and role of dimorphism in facilitating sex‐specific fitness optima.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic sexual dimorphism is associated with genomic signatures of resolved sexual conflict

et al. 2019

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“…This underscores the potential for insecticide exposure to increase the asymmetry of the evolutionary response across sexes under chronic but yet sublethal exposure. This was already identified as the potential source of intralocus sexual conflict in a natural population of D. melanogaster where DDT resistance mediated by the C yp6g1 bears a cost only in female (Hawkes et al, ). An asymmetric effect of exposure on courtship also showed a strong context‐dependence in weevil where despite bearing no apparent cost, deltamethrin resistance did lead to strong sexual selection against resistant strains (Guedes, Guedes, Campbell, & Throne, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sublethal larval exposure to imidacloprid impacts adult behaviour in Drosophila melanogaster

Young

Denecke

Robin

et al. 2019

J of Evolutionary Biology

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Pesticides are now chronically found in numerous ecosystems incurring widespread toxic effects on multiple organisms. For insects, the larvae are very exposed to pesticide pollution and the acute effect of insecticides on larvae has been characterized in a range of species. However, the carry‐on effects in adults of sublethal exposure occurring in larvae are not well characterized. Here, we use a collection of strains of Drosophila melanogaster differing in their larval resistance to a commonly used insecticide, imidacloprid, and we test the effect of larval exposure on behavioural traits at the adult stage. Focusing on locomotor activity and on courtship and mating behaviour, we observed a significant carry‐on effect of imidacloprid exposure. The heritability of activity traits measured in flies exposed to imidacloprid was higher than measured in controls and in these, courtship traits were genetically less correlated from mating success. Altogether, we did not observe a significant effect of the larval insecticide resistance status on adult behavioural traits, suggesting that selection for resistance in larvae does not involve repeatable behavioural changes in adults. This lack of correlation between larval resistance and adult behaviour also suggests that resistance at the larval stage does not necessarily result in increased behavioural resilience at a later life stage. These findings imply that selection for resistance in larvae as well as for behavioural resilience to sublethal exposure in adult will combine and impose a greater evolutionary constraint. Our conclusions further substantiate the need to encompass multiple trait measures and life stages in toxicological assays to properly assess the environmental impact of pesticides.

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“…Importantly, these sex differences in expression are associated with sex‐specific fitness differences depending of the genetic background. In most genetic backgrounds examined, resistant females enjoy a fecundity advantage compared to their susceptible counterparts implying no cost to resistance (McCart, Buckling, & ffrench‐Constant, 2005; Rostant et al , 2015; Hawkes et al , 2016). In contrast, in males increased expression of Cyp6g1 conferring resistance can be associated with large fitness costs in terms of reduced mating success and reproductive output (Smith et al , 2011; Hawkes et al , 2016; Rostant et al , 2017).…”

Section: Selfish Genetic Elements Can Generate Sexual Conflict and Sementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most genetic backgrounds examined, resistant females enjoy a fecundity advantage compared to their susceptible counterparts implying no cost to resistance (McCart, Buckling, & ffrench‐Constant, 2005; Rostant et al , 2015; Hawkes et al , 2016). In contrast, in males increased expression of Cyp6g1 conferring resistance can be associated with large fitness costs in terms of reduced mating success and reproductive output (Smith et al , 2011; Hawkes et al , 2016; Rostant et al , 2017). In other words, the resistance allele functions as a SA allele conferring high‐fitness females and low‐fitness males and this sex‐difference in fitness are sufficient to maintain polymorphism at this locus (Rostant et al , 2015).…”

Section: Selfish Genetic Elements Can Generate Sexual Conflict and Sementioning

confidence: 99%

Selfish genes and sexual selection: the impact of genomic parasites on host reproduction

Wedell

2020

Journal of Zoology

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Selfish genetic elements (SGEs) such as replicating mobile elements, segregation distorters and maternally inherited endosymbionts, bias their transmission success relative to the rest of the genome to increase in representation in subsequent generations. As such, they generate conflict with the rest of the genome. Such intragenomic conflict is also a hallmark of sexually antagonistic (SA) alleles, which are shared genes between the sexes but that have opposing fitness effects when expressed in males and females. However, whilst both SGEs and SA alleles are recognized as common and potent sources of genomic conflict, the realization that SGEs can also generate sexually antagonistic selection and contribute to sexual conflict in addition to generate sexual selection is largely overlooked. Here, I show that SGEs frequently generate sex-specific selection and outline how SGEs that are associated with compromised male fertility can shape female mating patterns, play a key role in the dynamics of sex-determination systems and likely be an important source of sexually antagonistic genetic variation. Given the prevalence of SGEs, their contribution to sexual conflict is likely to be greatly overlooked.

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Intralocus sexual conflict and insecticide resistance

Cited by 22 publications

References 48 publications

Phenotypic sexual dimorphism is associated with genomic signatures of resolved sexual conflict

Phenotypic sexual dimorphism is associated with genomic signatures of resolved sexual conflict

Sublethal larval exposure to imidacloprid impacts adult behaviour in Drosophila melanogaster

Selfish genes and sexual selection: the impact of genomic parasites on host reproduction

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