Intramammary infection rate during the dry period in cows that received blanket dry cow therapy : efficacy of 6 different dry-cow intra-mammary antimicrobial products

Petzer, Inge-Marié; Lourens, D.C.; Schans, Theodorus J. Van der; Watermeyer, Johanna C.; Reenen, R. Van; Rautenbach, G. H.; Thompson, Peter N.

doi:10.4102/jsava.v80i1.164

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The risk of new intramammary infections during the dry period is elevated during: i) the first weeks after drying-off, when involution of the udder occurs (Neave et al, 1950), and ii) the weeks preceding calving, when colostrogenesis takes place in the udder (Oliver et al, 1983). Therapeutic levels of antibiotics for dry cow therapy may be achieved only for the first 14 to 28 days after infusion, thus, failing to protect the udder during the last trimester of the dry period (especially for long ones); this can lead to new quarter intramammary infections during the dry period, which rate can reach 17.44% (Rindsig et al, 1978;Robert et al, 2006;Petzer et al, 2009). As a result, at the end of the dry period untreated and treated cows would stay at the same risk of new intramammary infections (Robert et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological evaluation of subclinical mastitis of dairy cows in Greece

Themistokleous

Karagiannis

Boscos

et al. 2020

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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Subclinical mastitis, diagnosed by elevated somatic cell count (SCC) in milk, is an important monitoring parameter of dairy cows’ udder health, related to their productivity and welfare. The present retrospective study aims to evaluate the epidemiology of subclinical mastitis (SCM) among the 37 herds of the Holstein Association of Greece participating in the milk quality recording system “ΙΩ”, from the start of 2015 until the end of 2018. The herds’ inclusion criterion was the consistency of monthly SCC recording throughout at least one full year between 2015 and 2018, with a maximum interval of 61 days between two consecutive monthly SCC recordings. Twenty-six herds (8630 cows) in 2015, thirty herds (10763 cows) in 2016, thirty herds (10945 cows) in 2017 and twenty-six herds (9597 cows) in 2018 were included. The prevalence of SCM and chronic SCM, the incidence rate of new cases of SCM, as well as the average somatic cell score and bulk tank milk SCC were determined for each of the four years. The results indicate a progressive deterioration of udder health from the onset of the cow’s productive life until culling. A year-over-year increase in the number of cows with subclinical mastitis led to an overall SCM prevalence of 34.5%, chronic SCM prevalence of 26.9% and a bulk tank milk SCC of 463000 cells/mL, in 2018. The average somatic cell score, a base 2logarithm of individual cow’s SCC, was found persistently above the subclinical mastitis indicative cut-off in all four years, with a peak in 2018. At herd level, the incidence rate of new SCM cases was 12 new cases / 100 cows / month; the highest incidence rate was observed in the early lactation stage group (1-60 days-in-milk), in all four years, reaching a peak of 31 new cases / 100 cows / month, in 2018. In 2018, prevalence of heifers’ SCM and chronic SCM was23.4% and 16.9%, respectively. Despite the adequate average 305-days milk yield (9608 kg in 2018), the results were indicative of poor udder health status, pointed out by reduced duration of cows’ productive life (less than 3 lactations)and lower milk quality (elevated SCC). The severity and wide spreading of subclinical mastitis in Greek dairy herds highlights the necessity of a national mastitis control program, aiming to improve the productive efficacy, management decisions accuracy and quality of produced milk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological evaluation of subclinical mastitis of dairy cows in Greece

Themistokleous

Karagiannis

Boscos

et al. 2020

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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“…The majority of cases are subclinical. A recent study reports that S. aureus was the second most commonly isolated pathogen in samples collected pre dry off [2] and a prevalence of 8.2% has been reported for quarter level samples from dairy cows at dry off [3]. Selective dry cow treatment is receiving more attention since there is an increasing focus on proper use of antibiotics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latent class analysis of the diagnostic characteristics of PCR and conventional bacteriological culture in diagnosing intramammary infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus in dairy cows at dry off

Cederlöf¹,

Toft

Aalbæk

et al. 2012

Acta Vet Scand

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BackgroundStaphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of intramammary infections in dairy cows at dry off. Reliable identification is important for disease management on herd level and for antimicrobial treatment of infected animals. Our objective was to evaluate the test characteristics of PathoProof ™ Mastitis PCR Assay and bacteriological culture (BC) in diagnosing bovine intramammary infections caused by S. aureus at dry off at different PCR cycle threshold (Ct)-value cut-offs.MethodsSterile quarter samples and non-sterile composite samples from 140 animals in seven herds were collected in connection with the dairy herd improvement (DHI) milk recording. All quarter samples were analyzed using BC whereas all composite samples were analyzed with PathoProof ™ Mastitis PCR Assay. Latent class analysis was used to estimate test properties for PCR and BC in the absence of a perfect reference test. The population was divided into two geographically divided subpopulations and the Hui-Walter 2-test 2-populations model applied to estimate Se, Sp for the two tests, and prevalence for the two subpopulations.ResultsThe Se for PCR increased with increasing Ct-value cut-off, accompanied by a small decrease in Sp. For BC the Se decreased and Sp increased with increasing Ct-value cut-off. Most optimal test estimates for the real-time PCR assay were at a Ct-value cut-off of 37; 0.93 [95% posterior probability interval (PPI) 0.60-0.99] for Se and 0.95 [95% PPI 0.95-0.99] for Sp. At the same Ct-value cut-off, Se and Sp for BC were 0.83 [95% PPI 0.66-0.99] and 0.97 [95% PPI 0.91-0.99] respectively. Depending on the chosen PCR Ct-value cut-off, the prevalence in the subpopulations varied; the prevalence increased with increasing PCR Ct-value cut-offs.ConclusionNeither BC nor real-time PCR is a perfect test in detecting IMI in dairy cows at dry off. The changes in sensitivity and prevalence at different Ct-value cut-offs for both PCR and BC may indicate a change in the underlying disease definition. At low PCR Ct-value cut-offs the underlying disease definition may be a truly/heavily infected cow, whereas at higher PCR Ct-value cut-offs the disease definition may be a S. aureus positive cow.

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“…Bacterial cure was observed in over 85% of the treated and involuted quarters in this study, while two-thirds contracted a new IMI while dry. Average IMI prevalence reported in early lactation cows ranges from 10%-29% [22][23][24]. A limitation of this study was a relatively small sample size, which was due to logistics and expense.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Intramammary Infusion of Casein Hydrolysate for Involution of Single Mastitic Mammary Quarters Elevating Cow-Level Somatic Cell Count

Britten¹,

Rood²,

Wilson³

2018

J Adv Dairy Res

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Mastitis in a single quarter can cause high somatic cell counts (SCC), clinical mastitis, and death in dairy cows. Currently, management of these mastitic quarters presents a problem for the dairy industry. Casein hydrolysate (CH) is an intramammary (IMM) infusion treatment reported to induce mammary involution. The primary objectives of this study were to investigate whether IMM CH treatment of single high SCC quarters, followed by cessation of quarter milk production for the remainder of lactation, was effective in reducing cow-level SCC and whether that quarter resumed milk production following calving. Three treatment groups were used: CH, non-hydrolyzed casein (NHC), and cessation of milking only (negative; N). Treatments were assigned in a 2:2:1 ratio for 40 cows enrolled in the study; 27 cows completed the entire protocol. Following IMM infusion and involution of the single mastitic quarter, decreases in cow-level SCC (-966,000/ml) and milk production (-11 lb (5 kg),-14%) with 3 remaining lactating quarters were significant for all 28 cows combined. Cows treated with CH (n=17) had a significant decrease in cowlevel SCC (-1,150,000/ml) during remaining lactation. All treated quarters returned to milk production after calving, and their proportion of total-cow milk production (24%) was not different than before treatment (28%). After calving, treated quarters' decrease in SCC was significant for CH (-2,763,000/ml; n=14) and N (-5,324,000/ml; n=5). Of 16 quarters with positive milk culture before treatment that completed the protocol, 88% (14/16) were cured (no isolation of the same bacteria for 3 weeks following calving). A new intramammary infection (IMI) was detected in 67% (18/27) of previously treated quarters post-calving. Infusing single mastitic quarters with casein hydrolysate to induce involution for the remainder of lactation may be a promising alternative to current methods.

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Intramammary infection rate during the dry period in cows that received blanket dry cow therapy : efficacy of 6 different dry-cow intra-mammary antimicrobial products

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

Epidemiological evaluation of subclinical mastitis of dairy cows in Greece

Epidemiological evaluation of subclinical mastitis of dairy cows in Greece

Latent class analysis of the diagnostic characteristics of PCR and conventional bacteriological culture in diagnosing intramammary infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus in dairy cows at dry off

Intramammary Infusion of Casein Hydrolysate for Involution of Single Mastitic Mammary Quarters Elevating Cow-Level Somatic Cell Count

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