Intranasal Drug Delivery to the Brain

Lochhead, Jeffrey J.; Kumar, Niyanta N.; Nehra, Geetika; Stenslik, Mallory J.; Bradley, Luke H.; Thorne, Robert G.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-88773-5_15

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 135 publications

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“…The nasal cavity provides a direct route to the brain through olfactory and trigeminal pathways, while the highly vascularized nasal mucosa enables rapid drug absorption [ 160 ]. Enhanced brain targeting via intranasal delivery can reduce necessary dosage levels and minimize exposure to peripheral organs, thus mitigating toxicity [ 161 ]. Furthermore, compared to the oral route, intranasal administration offers a rapid onset of action, bypasses first-pass metabolism, and attenuates dose-related side effects [ 162 ].…”

Section: Exploring Nanocarriers For Alzheimer’s Disease Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Intranasal Drug Delivery by Nanotechnology: Advances in and Challenges for Alzheimer’s Disease Management

Dighe,

Jog,

Momin

et al. 2023

Pharmaceutics

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Alzheimer’s disease, a progressive neurodegenerative condition, is characterized by a gradual decline in cognitive functions. Current treatment approaches primarily involve the administration of medications through oral, parenteral, and transdermal routes, aiming to improve cognitive function and alleviate symptoms. However, these treatments face limitations, such as low bioavailability and inadequate permeation. Alternative invasive methods, while explored, often entail discomfort and require specialized assistance. Therefore, the development of a non-invasive and efficient delivery system is crucial. Intranasal delivery has emerged as a potential solution, although it is constrained by the unique conditions of the nasal cavity. An innovative approach involves the use of nano-carriers based on nanotechnology for intranasal delivery. This strategy has the potential to overcome current limitations by providing enhanced bioavailability, improved permeation, effective traversal of the blood–brain barrier, extended retention within the body, and precise targeting of the brain. The comprehensive review focuses on the advancements in designing various types of nano-carriers, including polymeric nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, nanoemulsions, Quantum dots, and dendrimers. These nano-carriers are specifically tailored for the intranasal delivery of therapeutic agents aimed at combatting Alzheimer’s disease. In summary, the development and utilization of intranasal delivery systems based on nanotechnology show significant potential in surmounting the constraints of current Alzheimer’s disease treatment strategies. Nevertheless, it is essential to acknowledge regulatory as well as toxicity concerns associated with this route; meticulous consideration is required when engineering a carrier. This comprehensive review underscores the potential to revolutionize Alzheimer’s disease management and highlights the importance of addressing regulatory considerations for safe and effective implementations. Embracing this strategy could lead to substantial advancements in the field of Alzheimer’s disease treatment.

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Section: Exploring Nanocarriers For Alzheimer’s Disease Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Intranasal Drug Delivery by Nanotechnology: Advances in and Challenges for Alzheimer’s Disease Management

Dighe,

Jog,

Momin

et al. 2023

Pharmaceutics

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Regulation of brain fluid volumes and pressures: basic principles, intracranial hypertension, ventriculomegaly and hydrocephalus

Hladky,

Barrand

2024

Fluids Barriers CNS

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The principles of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production, circulation and outflow and regulation of fluid volumes and pressures in the normal brain are summarised. Abnormalities in these aspects in intracranial hypertension, ventriculomegaly and hydrocephalus are discussed. The brain parenchyma has a cellular framework with interstitial fluid (ISF) in the intervening spaces. Framework stress and interstitial fluid pressure (ISFP) combined provide the total stress which, after allowing for gravity, normally equals intracerebral pressure (ICP) with gradients of total stress too small to measure. Fluid pressure may differ from ICP in the parenchyma and collapsed subarachnoid spaces when the parenchyma presses against the meninges. Fluid pressure gradients determine fluid movements. In adults, restricting CSF outflow from subarachnoid spaces produces intracranial hypertension which, when CSF volumes change very little, is called idiopathic intracranial hypertension (iIH). Raised ICP in iIH is accompanied by increased venous sinus pressure, though which is cause and which effect is unclear. In infants with growing skulls, restriction in outflow leads to increased head and CSF volumes. In adults, ventriculomegaly can arise due to cerebral atrophy or, in hydrocephalus, to obstructions to intracranial CSF flow. In non-communicating hydrocephalus, flow through or out of the ventricles is somehow obstructed, whereas in communicating hydrocephalus, the obstruction is somewhere between the cisterna magna and cranial sites of outflow. When normal outflow routes are obstructed, continued CSF production in the ventricles may be partially balanced by outflow through the parenchyma via an oedematous periventricular layer and perivascular spaces. In adults, secondary hydrocephalus with raised ICP results from obvious obstructions to flow. By contrast, with the more subtly obstructed flow seen in normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), fluid pressure must be reduced elsewhere, e.g. in some subarachnoid spaces. In idiopathic NPH, where ventriculomegaly is accompanied by gait disturbance, dementia and/or urinary incontinence, the functional deficits can sometimes be reversed by shunting or third ventriculostomy. Parenchymal shrinkage is irreversible in late stage hydrocephalus with cellular framework loss but may not occur in early stages, whether by exclusion of fluid or otherwise. Further studies that are needed to explain the development of hydrocephalus are outlined.

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Intranasal Route an Alternative Approach for Systemic Drug Delivery: Recent Strategies and Progression

Bala,

Malik,

Madan

et al. 2024

DDL

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Intranasal administration has proven to be a viable alternative for local and systemic delivery of varied therapeutic agents. This route has been potentially researched for delivering polar compounds, vaccines, hormones, peptides, proteins, etc. Being non-invasive and painless with a fast onset of action (both local and systemic), intranasal has become an ideal route for medication to children. This route is specifically employed for the delivery of drugs that are unstable in GIT, which gets significantly degraded or metabolized by the first-pass effect. The nasal route's high absorption and permeability profile has led to its exploration as a substitute for parenteral delivery. This paper reviews the feasibility and potentials of intranasal administration, discussing its benefits, drawbacks, market analysis, factors affecting nasal drug delivery system, conventional and novel strategies (polymeric and nano-carrier-based delivery systems) to improve nasal absorption and its clinical management of varied systemic and topical disorders viz. neurodegenerative, pulmonary, microbial, neoplastic, etc.

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Intranasal Drug Delivery to the Brain

Cited by 3 publications

References 135 publications

Intranasal Drug Delivery by Nanotechnology: Advances in and Challenges for Alzheimer’s Disease Management

Intranasal Drug Delivery by Nanotechnology: Advances in and Challenges for Alzheimer’s Disease Management

Regulation of brain fluid volumes and pressures: basic principles, intracranial hypertension, ventriculomegaly and hydrocephalus

Intranasal Route an Alternative Approach for Systemic Drug Delivery: Recent Strategies and Progression

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