Intranasal Immunization of Pneumococcal pep27 Mutant Attenuates Allergic and Inflammatory Diseases by Upregulating Skin and Mucosal Tregs
Hamid Iqbal,
Dong-Kwon Rhee
Abstract:Mucosal vaccines can target specific mucosal surfaces, such as the respiratory, genital, or intestinal mucosa. Conventional systemic immunization, such as intramuscular injections, do not provide mucosal immunity, including IgA, nor do they prevent pathogens from entering the mucous membranes. Nasal immunization protects mucosal membranes, but nasal antigen presentation appears to entail adjuvant to stimulate immunogenicity. Current treatments for mucosal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and a… Show more
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