“…Considering the increased risk of crossreactivity with arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors with higher OT doses (Åkerlund et al, 1999;Cho et al, 1999;Manning et al, 2012), which may disrupt the balance of brain OT and AVP (Neumann and Landgraf, 2012), it is important to determine if lower doses can match, or improve, the reported effects of OT (Churchland and Winkielman, 2012). Intriguingly, converging evidence from human and animal research indicates that under some circumstances, lower OT dose may offer similar or stronger effects than larger doses in comparison (Bales et al, 2013;Benelli et al, 1995;Cardoso et al, 2013;Hall et al, 2012;Popik et al, 1992;Van IJzendoorn et al, 2012). However, research is yet to comprehensively compare the impact of different IN-OT doses on social cognition and behavior.…”