Intranasal vaccination against upper respiratory tract disease (U.R.D.) in the cat—I. Virological and serological observations in cats suffering from U.R.D.

Effects of a single dose of an intranasal feline herpesvirus 1, calicivirus, and panleukopenia vaccine on clinical signs and virus shedding after challenge with virulent feline herpesvirus 1

“…In addition, in kittens vaccinated 6 days before challenge (group 1), less FHV-1 DNA was shed on day 6 after challenge when compared to control kittens (group 4). Our findings were similar to those of others that have shown early protection against clinical signs of FHV-1 infection as well as decreased FHV-1 shedding in kittens vaccinated with modified live FHV-1 intranasally and then challenged with virulent FHV-1 (Slater and York 1976, Folkers and Hoogenboom 1978, Cocker et al 1983, 1986). However, while intranasal administration of modified-live FHV-1 containing vaccines may lessen FHV-1 shedding and clinical signs of disease in vaccinates, it has not been shown to protect against the development of latent FHV-1 infections (Cocker et al 1986, Weigler et al 1997).…”

“…While clinical signs that could be attributed to administration of the vaccine were not detected between vaccine administration and challenge of cats in this study, it is possible that some of the clinical abnormalities noted after challenge were from the vaccine. Other modified live FHV-1 strains studied for intranasal administration have also induced clinical signs of disease in laboratory-reared kittens (Cocker et al 1983, 1986, Davis and Beckenhauer 1976, Slater and York 1976, Folkers and Hoogenboom 1978, Orr and Gaskell 1980, Weigler et al 1997). The clinical signs are attributed to replication of the modified live viruses locally and so when this vaccine is used, potential side effects should be discussed with the owners.…”

“…Because of risks associated with parenteral injections in kittens, alternate routes of vaccine administration to kittens are being studied further (Burton and Mason 1997, Lappin et al 2005a). Over the years, several modified live FHV-1 strains have been administered to kittens intranasally with subsequent challenge with virulent FHV-1 (Davis and Beckenhauer 1976, Slater and York 1976, Folkers and Hoogenboom 1978, Orr and Gaskell 1980, Cocker et al 1983, 1986, Weigler et al 1997, Edinboro et al 1999). In most of the studies, the immunogen was relatively safe and an early protective effect has been reported (Folkers and Hoogenboom 1978, Cocker et al 1983, 1986).…”

“…Over the years, several modified live FHV-1 strains have been administered to kittens intranasally with subsequent challenge with virulent FHV-1 (Davis and Beckenhauer 1976, Slater and York 1976, Folkers and Hoogenboom 1978, Orr and Gaskell 1980, Cocker et al 1983, 1986, Weigler et al 1997, Edinboro et al 1999). In most of the studies, the immunogen was relatively safe and an early protective effect has been reported (Folkers and Hoogenboom 1978, Cocker et al 1983, 1986). A new formulation of a modified live FVRCP for intranasal administration (Feline UltraNasal; FVRCP Vaccine, Heska Corporation, Loveland, CO) has just received a license in the United States.…”

Antibody and Cell‐Mediated Immune Responses to Feline Herpesvirus 1 Following Inactivated Vaccine and Challenge

“…Antibody titres of cats 2 and 5 given adjuvanted vaccine were about 4-fold higher than in cats 1 and 4 given vaccine alone. The antibody titres obtained following vaccination and their duration (Table 1 and 2) are comparable to those reported by others using inactivated (POVEY et al, 1980) or modified live (DAVIS and BECKENHAUER, 1976;EDWARDS et al, 1977;FOLKERS and HOOGENBOOM, 1978) FHV 1 vaccines. Following FHV 1 challenge an anamnestic response was particularly evident in cats given adjuvanted vaccine (Table 2).…”