Intraocular Filaria, a Loaina Species, from Man in Colombia *

Botero, David; Aguledo, Luz M.; Uribe, Federico; Esslinger, J. H.; Beaver, Paul C.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1984.33.578

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Indeed, besides the well-known (but not zoonotic) Wuchereria bancrofti , Brugia malayi and Loa loa , some filarioids from domestic and wild mammals (e.g., Dirofilaria spp., Onchocerca spp., Acanthocheilonema ( Dipetalonema ) spp., Brugia spp., and Loaina spp.) have a zoonotic origin and may infect human eyes [8,62,63]. In addition, a number of yet incompletely identified filarioids have been described in human eyes in the Amazon forest regions [64,65].…”

Section: The Most Commonly Reported Hiementioning

confidence: 99%

“…from the iris fibers of a patient) [64]. This human case and a previous one from Colombia [62] were of unknown origin and both occurred in the tropical Amazon region but little is known about the source of the infection. Vectors of species of Loaina and Pelecitus are mosquitoes, mallophagans or tabanids, as shown with the three cycles elucidated [82-84].…”

Section: The Most Commonly Reported Hiementioning

confidence: 99%

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Zoonotic helminths affecting the human eye

2011

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Nowaday, zoonoses are an important cause of human parasitic diseases worldwide and a major threat to the socio-economic development, mainly in developing countries. Importantly, zoonotic helminths that affect human eyes (HIE) may cause blindness with severe socio-economic consequences to human communities. These infections include nematodes, cestodes and trematodes, which may be transmitted by vectors (dirofilariasis, onchocerciasis, thelaziasis), food consumption (sparganosis, trichinellosis) and those acquired indirectly from the environment (ascariasis, echinococcosis, fascioliasis). Adult and/or larval stages of HIE may localize into human ocular tissues externally (i.e., lachrymal glands, eyelids, conjunctival sacs) or into the ocular globe (i.e., intravitreous retina, anterior and or posterior chamber) causing symptoms due to the parasitic localization in the eyes or to the immune reaction they elicit in the host. Unfortunately, data on HIE are scant and mostly limited to case reports from different countries. The biology and epidemiology of the most frequently reported HIE are discussed as well as clinical description of the diseases, diagnostic considerations and video clips on their presentation and surgical treatment.Homines amplius oculis, quam auribus creduntSeneca Ep 6,5Men believe their eyes more than their ears

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Section: The Most Commonly Reported Hiementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Most Commonly Reported Hiementioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic helminths affecting the human eye

2011

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“…Loaina uniformis and L. scapiceps are natural parasites of rabbits in the United States, although their geographical distribution is incompletely known, while L. roemeri is a natural parasite of kangaroos in Australia. In 1984, a Loaina-like worm was recovered from the eye of a patient in Colombia, South America (25). Interestingly, the source of the infection was not determined, since this parasite has not been recorded in the animals in Colombia.…”

Section: Eyesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Filariasis

1998

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SUMMARY Filariae of animals, especially those of mammals, often infect humans and typically produce cryptic infections. These “zoonotic” infections have been reported from virtually all parts of the world including temperate zones. Infections may be symptomatic or not, and the parasites are found in surgical tissue biopsy specimens or, more rarely, are removed intact from superficial sites such as the orbit or conjuctivae. Typically, these worms tend to occupy tissue sites similar to those occupied in the natural animal host, with the exception of the eyes. Many kinds of filariae have been isolated from humans, including species of Dirofilaria, Brugia, Onchocerca, Dipetalonema, Loaina and Meningonema. Worms have been found in subcutaneous tissues, the heart and lungs, lymphatics, the eye, and the central nervous system. Specific identification of these filariae is based on their morphological features in histologic sections. Unfortunately, some of these worms cannot be identified even at the generic level. There are other species of filariae, presumed to be zoonotic, which produce patent infections in humans but are poorly and incompletely known. These include Microfilaria semiclarum and Microfilaria bolivarensis. It is probable that almost any filaria parasitizing animals can, under proper circumstances, infect humans and undergo some degree of development. Undoubtedly, additional species of filariae will continue to be isolated from humans in the future.

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“…[4-7]. The life cycles and the animal reservoir hosts for many of these species are still poorly known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human ocular filariasis: further evidence on the zoonotic role of Onchocerca lupi

et al. 2012

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BackgroundAmong ocular vector-borne pathogens, Onchocerca volvulus, the agent of the so-called “river blindness”, affects about 37 million people globally. Other Onchocerca spp. have been sporadically reported as zoonotic agents. Cases of canine onchocerciasis caused by Onchocerca lupi are on the rise in the United States and Europe. Its zoonotic role has been suspected but only recently ascertained in a single case from Turkey. The present study provides further evidence on the occurrence of O. lupi infesting human eyes in two patients from Turkey (case 1) and Tunisia (case 2). The importance of obtaining a correct sample collection and preparation of nematodes infesting human eyes is highlighted.MethodsIn both cases the parasites were identified with morpho-anatomical characters at the gross examination, histological analysis and anatomical description and also molecularly in case 1.ResultsThe nematode from the first case was obviously O. lupi based on their morphology at the gross examination, histological analysis and anatomical description. In the second case, although the diagnostic cuticular characters were not completely developed, other features were congruent with the identification of O. lupi. Furthermore, the morphological identification was also molecularly confirmed in the Turkish case.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that O. lupi infestation is not an occasional finding but it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of other zoonotic helminths causing eye infestation in humans (e.g., D. immitis and Dirofilaria repens). Both cases came from areas where no cases of canine onchocerciasis were previously reported in the literature, suggesting that an in depth appraisal of the infestation in canine populations is necessary. Physicians and ophthalmologists are advised on how to preserve nematode samples recovered surgically, to allow a definitive, correct etiological diagnosis.

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Intraocular Filaria, a Loaina Species, from Man in Colombia *

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Zoonotic helminths affecting the human eye

Zoonotic helminths affecting the human eye

Zoonotic Filariasis

Human ocular filariasis: further evidence on the zoonotic role of Onchocerca lupi

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