Intraocular Penetration of Amoxicillin

Faigenbaum, S J; Boyle, Gerard L.; Prywes, Arnold S.; Abel, Robert; Leopold, Irving H.

doi:10.1016/0002-9394(76)90548-1

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…There are no published data regarding the penetration of ampicillin into the human vitreous chamber. Animal data reveal that when administered intravenously, levels of ampicillin in the vitreous fluid were approximately 2-log less than in the serum ( 12 ), and when administered orally, amoxicillin levels in the vitreous fluid were approximately 1.5- to 2-log less effective at killing Micrococcus luteus than levels in serum ( 13 ). Therefore, extrapolating from animal data, there is poor penetration of ampicillin and amoxicillin into the vitreous fluid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous Endophthalmitis Caused by Enterococcus casseliflavus: A Case Report and Discussion Regarding Treatment of Intraocular Infection with Vancomycin‐Resistant Enterococci

Berenger

Kulkarni

Hinz

et al. 2015

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous Endophthalmitis Caused by Enterococcus casseliflavus: A Case Report and Discussion Regarding Treatment of Intraocular Infection with Vancomycin‐Resistant Enterococci

Berenger

Kulkarni

Hinz

et al. 2015

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It has been found that the negative rate of endophthalmitis bacterial culture is up to 30%[10]. The combination of genetic diagnosis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection can improve the detection rate of pathogens[11]. Due to its high specificity and sensitivity, PCR has been used to confidently exclude pathogens, which is unique.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous endophthalmitis caused by Enterococcus casseliflavus: A case report

Bao

Liu

Xie

et al. 2019

WJCC

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BACKGROUNDEndophthalmitis caused by Enterococci is rare, and cases involving vancomycin-resistant enterococci are even rarer. We report the first case of Enterococcus casseliflavus endophthalmitis associated with injury caused by a pig. We also review reported cases of exogenous endophthalmitis caused by Enterococcus casseliflavus and discuss the clinical management and prognosis of this disease.CASE SUMMARYA 43-year-old man with no previous visual problems complained of endophthalmitis in his left eye following injury caused by a pig. Visual acuity was light perception and B-ultrasonography revealed vitreous opacities with retinal detachment. He was treated with intravitreal vancomycin and ceftazidime after refusing vitrectomy. However, the vitreous opacities and retinal detachment deteriorated and he underwent vitrectomy 5 d post-injury. Intraoperatively, advanced rhegmatogenous and tractional retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy were observed. On postoperative day 5, vitreous cultures grew Gram-positive cocci identified as Enterococcus casseliflavus. A 2-wk course of intravenous ampicillin and dexamethasone was commenced. On postoperative day 14, visual acuity improved to hand movement. At 6 mo post-injury, visual acuity improved to 20/667, but optic atrophy was present.CONCLUSIONSystemic administration of linezolid in the treatment of Enterococcus casseliflavus endophthalmitis can improve visual acuity. However, intravitreal amikacin should be considered despite concerns of toxicity when oral linezolid fails to prompt improvement.

show abstract

“…Poor vitreal penetration of ampicillin and amoxicillin were demonstrated in rabbit models [23][24]. Similarly, insufficient vitreous concentrations of piperacillin were demonstrated in human eyes with diverse operative status [25].…”

Section: Penicillinsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Revisiting systemic treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis: a review of intravitreal penetration of systemic antibiotics

Brockhaus

Goldblum

Eggenschwiler

et al. 2019

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Adjunctive systemic antibiotic therapy for treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis is controversial but common practice due to the severity of the disease. In absence of guidance documents, several antibiotic regimens are being used without applying evidence-based prescribing, thus leading to inappropriate treatment of this serious eye condition. Objectives: To summarize available data on intravitreal penetration of systemically administered antibiotics and to discuss their usefulness from a microbiological and pharmacological point of view. Sources: We performed a systematic PubMed search of studies investigating antibiotic concentrations in the vitreous after systemic administration in humans, and selected animal models. Content: The best-documented agents achieving therapeutic levels in the vitreous are meropenem, linezolid and moxifloxacin. Vancomycin, cefazoline, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, imipenem and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole reach levels justifying their use in specific situations. Available data do not support the use of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, aminoglycosides, aminopenicillins, piperacillin, cefepime, and clarithromycin. With very limited but available promising data, the use of daptomycin and rifampicin deserves further investigation. Implications: The choice of the adjunctive systemic antibiotic agent -in situations where considered relevant for treatment -must to date be made on an individual base, considering microbiological aspects as well as operative status and inflammation of the eye. This review

show abstract

Intraocular Penetration of Amoxicillin

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

Exogenous Endophthalmitis Caused by Enterococcus casseliflavus: A Case Report and Discussion Regarding Treatment of Intraocular Infection with Vancomycin‐Resistant Enterococci

Exogenous Endophthalmitis Caused by Enterococcus casseliflavus: A Case Report and Discussion Regarding Treatment of Intraocular Infection with Vancomycin‐Resistant Enterococci

Exogenous endophthalmitis caused by Enterococcus casseliflavus: A case report

Revisiting systemic treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis: a review of intravitreal penetration of systemic antibiotics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About