Intraoperative Hemodynamic Measurements of the Vertebral Artery and Common Carotid Artery

Abstract

The hemodynamics in the vertebrobasilar artery (VBA) system were investigated in patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI). Vertebral artery (VA) stump pressure and blood flows in the VA and common carotid artery (CCA) were intraoperatively measured in 45 patients who underwent surgical correction of the first segment of the VA (V 1 ) for angiographic tortuosity, kinking, and/or stenosis manifesting as symptomatic VBI. The effects of changes in the systemic arterial blood pressure (SABP) induced by trimethaphan, phenylephrine, and cervical epidural anesthesia were also investigated. The VA stump pressure was 79.3 ± 13.6 (mean ± SD) mmHg and the ratio of the VA stump pressure to the SABP was 0.87 ± 0.08. The baseline values were SABP 90.5 ± 10.1 mmHg, VA blood flow 53.4 ± 33.0 ml/min, and CCA blood flow 204.3 ± 50.3 ml/min. During changes in the SABP, autoregulation of the blood flow in the VA appeared tighter than in the CCA. During cervical epidural anesthesia, blood flows in both the VA and CCA were significantly reduced in response to SABP reduction. This study demonstrated that the VBA system maintains excellent autoregulation with good collateral flows and cervical sympathetic nerve function. However, this autoregulatory capacity may be overwhelmed by unexpected occlusion of the VA due to postural changes associated with tortuosity, kinking, and/or stenosis of the V 1 segment.

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“…In 2008, Cassaglia, Griffiths, and Walker showed that sympathetic nerve activity withdraws the blood flow while sympathectomy can increase it, and other experiments also confirmed this theory. 14 – 16 Miyoshi also investigated sympathetic and parasympathetic changes produced by the stimulation of nerves around the proximal vertebral artery (the vertebral nerve) in a cat model, and found that pupillary changes, pulse, and blood pressure changes in cats. 17 This suggests that sympathetic excitation can produce a decrease in blood flow of the vertebral artery.…”