Intraoral Air Pressure Discrimination by Normal-Speaking Subjects

Williams, William N.; Brown, William S.; Turner, Glenn E.

doi:10.1159/000265860

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The results of this study corroborate the findings of Williams et al [16]. That is, these investigators reported that normal subjects can detect differences in self-generated intraoral air pressure which are comparable to or less than differences in intraoral air pressure known to occur for voice-voiceless stop cognate pairs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The interpretation of the findings presented by Williams et al [16] are limited to the monitoring of intraoral air pressures generated against a closed system. That is, the design of their study required subjects to monitor self-generated intraoral air pressures produced against complete resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Williams et al [16] conducted a study which has provided an initial step in identifying the range of sensitivity by normal speakers' ability to monitor and control variations in intraoral air pressure. These investigators assessed the ability of a group of normal subjects to consciously discriminate differences in their own self-generated intraoral air pressures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been well documented that for normal speakers, a difference of 1-2 cm H 2 O peak pressure exists during the production of English voiced-voiceless consonant cognates [13,17]. Williams et al [16] concluded that the differences between oral air pressure produced for voiced vs. voiceless consonant cognates (approximately 1-2 cm H 2 O) are great enough to be perceived by the speaker and therefore may be under subconscious control of the speaker.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intraoral Air Pressure Discrimination under Conditions of Partial and Complete Resistance

Williams

Brown²,

Payne³

et al. 2001

Folia Phoniatr Logop

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This study assessed a sample of normal-speaking individuals’ ability to discriminate differences in their self-generated intraoral air pressures. Two conditions were employed: (1) open tube in which subjects had to sustain an expiratory breath stream to maintain the target pressure, and (2) closed tube in which there was complete resistance to the subjects’ breath stream. Analysis of variance revealed no significant difference (p > 0.05) in subjects’ ability to discriminate differences in their self-generated intraoral air pressure as a function of open or closed tube conditions. However, subjects’ discrimination scores significantly increased (p < 0.05) as the standard pressure was increased.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intraoral Air Pressure Discrimination under Conditions of Partial and Complete Resistance

Williams

Brown²,

Payne³

et al. 2001

Folia Phoniatr Logop

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“…As indicated in Table 3, an average drop in oral pressure of 1.0 cm H 2 O occurred from the no-bleed condition to an aperture of 10 mm 2 . Research has indicated that individuals can discriminate oral air pressure differences of this magnitude (e.g., Williams, Brown, & Turner, 1987). This finding indicates that the response of the speakers during the syllable after a bleed, as reported by Kim et al, may have been volitional.…”

supporting

confidence: 62%

Air Pressure Responses to Sudden Vocal Tract Pressure Bleeds During Production of Stop Consonants

Zajac

Weissler

2004

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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Two studies were conducted to evaluate short-latency vocal tract air pressure responses to sudden pressure bleeds during production of voiceless bilabial stop consonants. It was hypothesized that the occurrence of respiratory reflexes would be indicated by distinct patterns of responses as a function of bleed magnitude. In Study 1, 19 adults produced syllable trains of /pΛ/ using a mouthpiece coupled to a computer-controlled perturbator. The device randomly created bleed apertures that ranged from 0 to 40 mm 2 during production of the 2nd or 4th syllable of an utterance. Although peak oral air pressure dropped in a linear manner across bleed apertures, it averaged 2 to 3 cm H 2 O at the largest bleed. While slope of oral pressure also decreased in a linear trend, duration of the oral pressure pulse remained relatively constant. The patterns suggest that respiratory reflexes, if present, have little effect on oral air pressure levels. In Study 2, both oral and subglottal air pressure responses were monitored in 2 adults while bleed apertures of 20 and 40 mm 2 were randomly created. For 1 participant, peak oral air pressure dropped across bleed apertures, as in Study 1. Subglottal air pressure and slope, however, remained relatively stable. These patterns provide some support for the occurrence of respiratory reflexes to regulate subglottal air pressure. Overall, the studies indicate that the inherent physiologic processes of the respiratory system, which may involve reflexes, and passive aeromechanical resistance of the upper airway are capable of developing oral air pressure in the face of substantial pressure bleeds. Implications for understanding speech production and the characteristics of individuals with velopharyngeal dysfunction are discussed.Keywords stop consonants; oral air pressure; subglottal air pressure; respiratory reflexes; velopharyngeal dysfunction There is controversy regarding reflexive control of oral air pressure during production of stop consonants by normally speaking individuals under experimental conditions of unexpected pressure loss (e.g., Finnegan & Hoffman, 2000;Finnegan, Luschei, & Hoffman, 1999;Kim, Zajac, Warren, Mayo, & Essick, 1997;Zajac & Warren, 2000). While Kim et al. (1997) have suggested that rapid and nonvolitional respiratory responses may occur, Finnegan et al. (1999) have argued that passive aeromechanical processes are sufficient to maintain oral air pressure. We believe that the controversy may have arisen due to interpretation of both passive aeromechanical and active volitional responses as evidence of NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript short-latency reflexes by Kim and colleagues. The following information is presented to (a) elucidate these points, (b) help the reader understand the evolution of the controversy, and (c) provide a theoretical background on the role of reflexes during speech production. A Pressure Regulation HypothesisWarren and colleagues have theorized that the use of compensatory speech behaviors b...

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Intraoral air pressure of alaryngeal speakers during a no-air insufflation maneuver

Gorham¹,

Morris²,

Brown³

et al. 1996

Journal of Communication Disorders

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Intraoral Air Pressure Discrimination by Normal-Speaking Subjects

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Intraoral Air Pressure Discrimination under Conditions of Partial and Complete Resistance

Intraoral Air Pressure Discrimination under Conditions of Partial and Complete Resistance

Air Pressure Responses to Sudden Vocal Tract Pressure Bleeds During Production of Stop Consonants

Intraoral air pressure of alaryngeal speakers during a no-air insufflation maneuver

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