Intraoral Genioplasty—A Newer Technique

Saleh, Eli; Saleh, Joseph; Saleh, Benjamin

doi:10.1097/gox.0000000000003518

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Techniques to access the bony chin include either a submental or intraoral approach, with the intraoral incision being the most frequently used to avoid a visible scar. The intraoral approach was first described by Trauner and Obwegeser, [17][18][19] who were amongst the first to discuss surgical advancement of the chin. Within our cohort, all 87 patients underwent the intraoral approach, with an incision made through the anterior gingivobuccal sulcus and mentalis muscle down to the periosteum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feminizing Genioplasty: A Review of Operative Techniques and Clinical Outcomes

Khetpal

Baker

et al. 2023

FACE

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Background: Facial feminization procedures can be performed to alleviate gender dysphoria among transfeminine or non-binary patients. Moreover, the chin may play an important role in immediate identification and recognition of the face as cis-masculine or cisfeminine, and thus, can be addressed via feminizing genioplasty in the transfeminine population. The purpose of this study was multi-fold: 1) perform a systematic literature review to investigate the current methods utilized to feminize the chin, and 2) study clinical outcomes within an institutional cohort undergoing feminizing genioplasty. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted in order to survey articles that discussed techniques and clinical considerations when performing genioplasty among transgender females and nonbinary patients. In addition, a retrospective review of such patients undergoing genioplasty by the senior author was conducted. Variables collected included demographic factors, operative details, and postoperative outcomes. Results: Query of the PubMed database resulted in forty articles after removal of duplicates. Eleven studies that discussed surgical technique about genioplasty in facial feminization surgery were selected for analysis and discussion. Commonly discussed techniques were surgical incision, horizontal and vertical reduction, and material used for fixation. Eighty-seven patients were included in our institutional cohort. Approximately half of the patients underwent 2-piece reduction genioplasty, while 8 patients had 1-piece reduction. Horizontal osteotomies and vertical osteotomies were performed in the majority of patients. About one-third of patients received osseous augmentation via centralized osteotomy segments and cranial bone grafts. Conclusions: The core tenets of feminization of the chin lie in the reduction in both horizontal and vertical planes, as well as the creation of harmony with other facial structures. Our analysis presents an updated review of these principles, as well as an in-depth analysis of the senior author’s technique in feminization of the chin in transgender women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feminizing Genioplasty: A Review of Operative Techniques and Clinical Outcomes

Khetpal

Baker

et al. 2023

FACE

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“…The ideological expression of this circumstance was a class‐blind and explicitly primordialist conception of the Kurdish nation that rested on ancient, if not timeless, cultural and linguistic traits of the Kurds. Thus, the KDP's and the republic's main organ, the newspaper Kurdistan stated that ‘since time immemorial, the Kurdish nation has participated in the waves of human developmental stages and has evolved accordingly’ (reproduced in Saleh & Saleh, 2007, p. 255).…”

Section: The Uneven and Combined Development Of The Republic Of Kurdi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under these circumstances, the republic's nationalist project of military, cultural and administrative modernisation and centralisation came to rely on taxation. Indeed, Kurdistan , the republic's main newspaper, described taxation as the ‘spirit of the nation’ (reproduced in Saleh & Saleh, 2007, p. 25). But taxes were directly collected by the republic's tribal backers who had no appetite for sharing them with the republic.…”

Section: The Uneven and Combined Development Of The Republic Of Kurdi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Pahlavi state's coercive political centralisation and cultural homogenisation launched in the early 1920s were sharply reversed. Modern Kurdish schools were founded; primary and intermediate education was made compulsory (Saleh & Saleh, 2007, p. 72); a local Kurdish press emerged; Kurdish language, literature and art were cultivated; women's participation in politics and civic life was encouraged; party politics grew; and Kurdish nationalism, the political genesis of the republic, was organisationally and discursively further consolidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Kurdish Janus: The intersocietal construction of nations

Matin

Mahmoudi

2023

Nations and Nationalism

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Existing accounts of Kurdish nationalism can be mapped onto the main theories of nationalism, that is, primordialism, ethnosymbolism and modernism. These theories, however, suffer, respectively, from essentialism, circularity and aporia, manifest in their common inability to digest the Janus‐like character of nations, that is, their display of simultaneous modernity and antiquity. This paper develops an alternative account through a critical application of the theory of ‘uneven and combined development’ (UCD) to the Republic of Kurdistan of 1946. The argument unfolds in three steps. First, we argue that the failure of mainstream theories of nationalism to explain the nation's historical ambiguity lies in their ‘internalism’. Second, we show that UCD overcomes internalism through its plural social ontology and enables a retheorising of nations as interactive products of the geopolitical mediation of historical capitalism's expansion through societal multiplicity. Central to this process was the emergence of nationalism as a defensive and emulative ideology of geopolitical self‐preservation. This involved reversing the sociological and political moments of the originary formation of the British imperial nation. We argue that this historical reversal underpins the Janus‐like form of nations, including the Kurdish nation. Third, we substantiate the argument through a brief case study of the Republic of Kurdistan.

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