Intraperitoneal administration of Shiga toxin 2 induced neuronal alterations and reduced the expression levels of aquaporin 1 and aquaporin 4 in rat brain

Lucero, María Soledad; Mirarchi, Federico; Goldstein, Jorge; Silberstein, Claudia

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2012.05.005

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…According to the phylogenetic analysis of Johanson and Gustavsson [18], plant aquaporins are classified into four main subfamilies, widely distributed among higher plants: PIPs (plasma membrane intrinsic proteins), TIPs (tonoplast intrinsic proteins), SIPs (small basic intrinsic proteins), and NIPs (26 kDa intrinsic proteins). The aquaporins are presently and extensively studied, since their importance spans from animal [19] and human physiology [20] to osmo-adaptation of microorganisms [21] and vegetables [22, 23]. The transcripts encoding sugarcane aquaporins have only marginally been described, despite their significant physiological influence and participation in several processes during plant growth and acclimation against biotic and abiotic stresses [24, 25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression Analysis of Sugarcane Aquaporin Genes under Water Deficit

Silva

Ferreira‐Neto

et al. 2013

Journal of Nucleic Acids

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The present work is a pioneer study specifically addressing the aquaporin transcripts in sugarcane transcriptomes. Representatives of the four aquaporin subfamilies (PIP, TIP, SIP, and NIP), already described for higher plants, were identified. Forty-two distinct aquaporin isoforms were expressed in four HT-SuperSAGE libraries from sugarcane roots of drought-tolerant and -sensitive genotypes, respectively. At least 10 different potential aquaporin isoform targets and their respective unitags were considered to be promising for future studies and especially for the development of molecular markers for plant breeding. From those 10 isoforms, four (SoPIP2-4, SoPIP2-6, OsPIP2-4, and SsPIP1-1) showed distinct responses towards drought, with divergent expressions between the bulks from tolerant and sensitive genotypes, when they were compared under normal and stress conditions. Two targets (SsPIP1-1 and SoPIP1-3/PIP1-4) were selected for validation via RT-qPCR and their expression patterns as detected by HT-SuperSAGE were confirmed. The employed validation strategy revealed that different genotypes share the same tolerant or sensitive phenotype, respectively, but may use different routes for stress acclimation, indicating the aquaporin transcription in sugarcane to be potentially genotype-specific.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression Analysis of Sugarcane Aquaporin Genes under Water Deficit

Silva

Ferreira‐Neto

et al. 2013

Journal of Nucleic Acids

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“…In purified Stx2 injection models, similar lesions involving capillary/endothelial cells were found in pig [39, 40], rabbit [41–43] and mouse [44, 45]. In contrast, other models did not have these lesions, but rather lesions related to neuronal degeneration (baboon: [46], rabbit: [43, 47, 48], rat: [49, 50], mouse: [51]) or myelin degeneration (baboon: [46], rabbit: [52], rat: [49]). Also, some reports showed normal appearance of neurons (rabbit: [47]striatal neurons, mouse: [53] lumbar spinal cord neurons).…”

Section: Activities Of Stx In Cns Diseasementioning

confidence: 86%

“…The reduction of AQP4 suggests that there is alteration in astrocytic foot process, which is important to strengthen the BBB. AQP4 expression decreased in Stx2 injected rat [50] and STEC infected mouse [56], while astrocytic activation marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) increased. This suggests Stx-associated astrocyte activation that may participate in weakening the BBB.…”

Section: Activities Of Stx In Cns Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Shiga/Vero Toxins in Pathogenesis

Obata

Obrig

2014

Microbiol Spectr

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Shiga toxin (Stx) is the primary cause of severe host responses including renal and central nervous system (CNS) disease in Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) infections. The interaction of Stx with different eukaryotic cell types is described. Host responses to Stx and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are compared as related to the features of the STEC-associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS). Data derived from animal models of HUS and CNS disease, in vivo, and eukaryotic cells, in vitro, are evaluated in relation to HUS disease of humans.

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“…From the view of a toxin-mediated hypothesis of CNS involvement in STEC-HUS older patients could be more often affected due to a higher vulnerability or weakening of the blood-brain barrier [27]. The ability of Shiga toxin to cross the blood-brain barrier has already been shown in the rat [28]. A recent publication focussing on the neurologic examination reported an elevated albumin ratio in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of four out of five STEC-HUS affected patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric Symptoms in Patients with Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli O104:H4 Induced Haemolytic-Uraemic Syndrome

et al. 2014

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BackgroundIn May 2011 an outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (STEC) O104:H4 in Northern Germany led to a high number of in-patients, suffering from post-enteritis haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (HUS) and often severe affection of the central nervous system. To our knowledge so far only neurological manifestations have been described systematically in literature.AimTo examine psychiatric symptoms over time and search for specific symptom clusters in affected patients.Methods31 in-patients suffering from E. coli O104:H4 associated HUS, were examined and followed up a week during the acute hospital stay. Psychopathology was assessed by clinical interview based on the AMDP Scale, the Brief Symptom Inventory and the Clinical Global Impressions Scale.ResultsAt baseline mental disorder due to known physiological condition (ICD-10 F06.8) was present in 58% of the examined patients. Patients suffered from various manifestations of cognitive impairment (n = 27) and hallucinations (n = 4). Disturbances of affect (n = 28) included severe panic attacks (n = 9). Psychiatric disorder was significantly associated with higher age (p<0.0001), higher levels of C-reactive protein (p<0.05), and positive family history of heart disease (p<0.05). Even within the acute hospital stay with a median follow up of 7 days, symptoms improved markedly over time (p <0.0001).ConclusionsAside from severe neurological symptoms the pathology in E.coli O104:H4 associated HUS frequently includes particular psychiatric disturbances. Long term follow up has to clarify whether or not these symptoms subside.

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Intraperitoneal administration of Shiga toxin 2 induced neuronal alterations and reduced the expression levels of aquaporin 1 and aquaporin 4 in rat brain

Cited by 13 publications

References 54 publications

Expression Analysis of Sugarcane Aquaporin Genes under Water Deficit

Expression Analysis of Sugarcane Aquaporin Genes under Water Deficit

Role of Shiga/Vero Toxins in Pathogenesis

Psychiatric Symptoms in Patients with Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli O104:H4 Induced Haemolytic-Uraemic Syndrome

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