Intrarater reliability of a new method and instrumentation for measuring passive supination and pronation: A preliminary study

Flowers, Kenneth R.; Stephens-Chisar, Jennifer; LaStayo, Paul C.; Galante, Barbara-Lou

doi:10.1016/s0894-1130(01)80022-3

Cited by 25 publications

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“…6 The distal forearm method is the most common measurement technique used and is considered the gold standard for measuring pronation and supination AROM. 5 This method consists of aligning a goniometer's stationary arm parallel to the humerus anterior midline while the moving arm is placed on the volar or dorsal distal forearm.…”

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“…14 A limitation of the distal forearm method is that it requires measuring pronation and supination AROM in a nonfunctional manner, 5 as it does not simulate many manual activities of daily living that combine forearm rotation and hand use. Current clinical standards stress the use of functional methods for measuring and restoring physical capacity.…”

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“…Assessment of functional pronation (eg, pronation combined with gripping) and supination AROM should include methods that measure concurrent radioulnar joint rotation (proximal and distal) and accessory wrist motion 4,10 at the radiocarpal and midcarpal joints. 5 The hand-held pencil (HHP) and plumbline goniometer (PLG) are the only 2 reported assessment methods that present the potential for measuring functional pronation and supination. The HHP method, which was first described by McRae 13 and later modified by Clarkson and Gilewich, 3 consists of measuring pronation and supination with the goniometer aligned with a pencil held in the hand of the person being measured.…”

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“…The HHP method, which was first described by McRae 13 and later modified by Clarkson and Gilewich, 3 consists of measuring pronation and supination with the goniometer aligned with a pencil held in the hand of the person being measured. The PLG method, which was first described by Flowers et al, 5 consists of measuring pronation and supination with a plumb line attached to a hand-held single-arm goniometer.…”

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“…Intra-and intertester reliability for measurements using the distal forearm method in subjects with injuries range from 0.79 to 0.98. 1,5 Neither intra-nor intertester reliability has been reported for the HHP method. Intratester reliability for the measurement of passive pronation and supination range of motion has been reported (ICC = 0.87 and 0.95) for the PLG method but for subjects with injuries only.…”

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Reliability of 2 Functional Goniometric Methods for Measuring Forearm Pronation And Supination Active Range of Motion

Karagiannopoulos¹,

Sitler²,

Michlovitz³

2003

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

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Study Design: Test-retest reliability study. Objectives: To determine intra-and intertester reliability of the hand-held pencil (HHP) and the plumbline goniometer (PLG) methods for measuring active forearm pronation and supination motions in individuals with and without injuries. Background: The distal forearm method has been considered the gold standard for measuring forearm pronation and supination motion. The HHP and PLG, however, are 2 more functional methods for measuring forearm motions, though limited information on the psychometric properties of these tests is currently available. Methods and Measures: Intra-and intertester reliability of the HHP and PLG methods were determined in 40 subjects of convenience (20 injured and 20 noninjured). Two testers performed 3 repeated measurements for each motion and method on all subjects. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC 3,1 for intratester reliability, ICC 2,3 for intertester reliability) and standard error of measurements (SEMs) were determined. Results: The ICCs for the measurements of pronation and supination using the HHP and PLG methods were high (range, 0.86-0.98) for individuals with and without injuries, with the reliability for the PLG method being equal or slightly greater than the HHP method for the majority of pronation and supination measurements. Intratester ICCs were higher (SEMs were conversely lower) than intertester ICCs for nearly all measurements. The ICC values were generally the same or higher for individuals with injuries compared to individuals without injuries. Conclusions: The HHP and PLG are highly reliable methods for measuring functional forearm pronation and supination. Because plumbline goniometers are not commercially available and the instrumentation for the HHP method is readily accessible, clinicians should consider the latter as their method of choice for measuring functional forearm pronation and supination. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2003;33:523-531.Key Words: goniometry, radioulnar joints, upper extremity T he amount of active range of motion (AROM) for forearm pronation and supination can be altered by disruption of the radioulnar and radiocarpal joints' biomechanics resulting from trauma and inflammatory processes.8 Reliable methods for assessing pronation and supination AROM are

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