Intrarater reliability of goniometry and hand-held dynamometry for shoulder and elbow examinations in female team handball athletes and asymptomatic volunteers

Fieseler, Georg; Molitor, Thomas; Irlenbusch, Lars; Delank, Karl‐Stefan; Laudner, Kevin G.; Hermassi, Souhail; Schwesig, René

doi:10.1007/s00402-015-2331-6

Cited by 47 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The tester provided stabilization to the distal humerus to prevent shoulder abduction/adduction. Excellent intrarater reliability is reported for this strength measures for shoulder ER, ICC 0.94 (95% CI 0.88‐0.97) and IR, ICC 0.98 (95% CI 0.96‐0.99) …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…The stationary goniometer arm was placed laterally along the midline of the humerus toward the tip of the acromion process, with center over the lateral epicondyle and the moving arm of the goniometer was placed along the lateral aspect of the forearm aligned with the radial styloid. Good to excellent intrarater reliability is reported for measuring elbow extension and flexion (ICC 0.79‐0.97) . In the intrarater reliability study by Armstrong et al, among the 5 assessors, the average difference between 3 measures of elbow extension never exceeded 4° and never exceeded 5° for elbow flexion …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Measurement was obtained just prior to posterior tilt of the pelvis as determined by evaluator's detection on hand placed beneath the participant's lumbar spine or at point of the joint's end feel. The intrarater reliability for this method of measurement has been reported as excellent . A study by Prather et al reported an ICC 0.97 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95 to 0.99) for a group of 9 experienced physical therapists assessing hip flexion on 15 healthy adults (ages 18‐51) …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strength and Motion in the Shoulder, Elbow, and Hip in Softball Windmill Pitchers

West

Scarborough

McInnis

et al. 2019

PM&R

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Background: Softball pitching is a ballistic, complex movement that requires an underhand windmill motion to create force and ball velocity. In addition to proper pitch biomechanics, upper and lower extremity strength and joint motion likely contribute to ball location accuracy and velocity. Yet, the number of studies reporting muscle strength and joint range of motion among softball pitchers is scarce.Objective: To assess differences between throwing and nonthrowing shoulder, elbow, and hip (lead and trail leg) strength and range of motion (ROM) in high school and collegiate level softball windmill pitchers. Design: Cross-sectional study. Participants: Thirty-three female softball pitchers (24 high school, 9 collegiate) were recruited from local teams. Methods: Goniometric joint ROM and handheld dynamometer strength measurements of the bilateral shoulders, elbows, and hips were measured. Main Outcome Measurements: Goniometric joint ROM of the bilateral elbows (flexion, extension), shoulders, and hips (flexion, extension, internal rotation [IR], external rotation [ER]). Handheld dynamometer strength measurements of the bilateral shoulders (flexion, extension, abduction, IR, ER), elbows (flexion, extension), and hips (flexion, extension, IR, ER, abduction). Results: Across all pitchers, there was greater shoulder flexion ROM in the nonthrowing limb than in the throwing limb (P = .004). There was greater hip extension in the lead leg than trail leg. Among high school pitchers, there was greater shoulder ER (x = 105.792 AE 7.11) than collegiate pitchers (x = 100.1 AE 6.92), P = .05. There was no difference in total arc of shoulder rotational motion (ER+ IR) between throwing and nonthrowing limbs across all pitchers, nor between high school and collegiate pitchers. Strength measures demonstrated greater throwing limb shoulder abduction (P = .006) and IR strength (P = .001) than the nonthrowing shoulder across all pitchers. Elbow flexion strength was significantly greater than the nonthrowing side (P = .001). No difference was noted in hip strength between lead and trail lower extremities. Conclusions: Developing normative data for softball pitchers upper and lower extremity strength and range of motion may allow providers to assess players more comprehensively and identify athletes out of the expected value range. This information may help in guiding strength and conditioning programs for softball pitchers.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Strength and Motion in the Shoulder, Elbow, and Hip in Softball Windmill Pitchers

West

Scarborough

McInnis

et al. 2019

PM&R

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Clinical examination, such as RC strength and physical performance tests (PPTs), are part of this screening and must be reliable, sensitive, specific, inexpensive, easy to perform, and widely available. 5,7 Although valid and reliable measurement techniques exist to assess shoulder rotational strength, [8][9][10] some limitations may interfere with season-long evaluation (eg, tester strength variability, lack of stabilization, inconsistency among testing procedures, the need for a skilled assessor, and high costs). [9][10][11] For example, whereas isokinetic testing is considered the criterion standard for strength evaluation, its implementation in facilities, such as courts, fitness centers, or gymnasiums, may be compromised because of the extensive equipment required.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Self-Assessment Corner for Shoulder Strength: Reliability, Validity, and Correlations With Upper Extremity Physical Performance Tests

Declève¹,

Cant²,

Buck

et al. 2020

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context Rotator cuff weakness and rotation ratio imbalances are possible risk factors for shoulder injury among overhead athletes. In consensus statements, organizations have highlighted the importance of a screening examination to identify athletes at risk of injury. The screening should be portable and designed to be feasible in many different environments and contexts. Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Self-Assessment Corner (SAC) for self-assessing shoulder isometric rotational strength and examining whether performance on 2 physical performance tests was correlated with isometric shoulder rotational strength using the SAC in handball players. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Sport setting. Patients or Other Participants A first sample of 42 participants (18 men, 24 women) was recruited to determine the reliability and validity of the SAC. In a second sample of 34 handball players (18 men, 16 women), we examined correlations between physical performance tests and the SAC. Main Outcome Measure(s) The SAC was used to measure isometric rotational strength with the upper extremity at 90° of abduction in the frontal plane and 90° of external rotation and the elbow flexed to 90° with neutral rotation of the forearm. The SAC findings were compared with those from manual testing. Results from the seated medicine ball throw (SMBT) and closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test (CKCUEST) were used to establish relationships with the SAC. We calculated intraclass correlation coefficients to determine relative reliability and used standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change to quantify absolute reliability. Relationships among the different strength-testing procedures and with the physical performance tests were determined using the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient (r) or Spearman rank correlation coefficient (rs). Results We observed good to excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [2,k] range = 0.89 to 0.92). The standard error of measurement varied from 3.45 to 3.48 N. The minimal detectable change with 95% confidence intervals ranged from 8.06 to 8.13 N. Strong correlations were present among strength procedures (r = 0.824, rs range = 0.754–0.816). We observed moderate to strong correlations between the CKCUEST findings and rotational strength (r range = 0.570–0.767). Moderate correlations were found between rotational strength and SMBT (r range = 0.573–0.626). Conclusions The SAC is a clinically applicable and standardized protocol for self-assessing rotational strength in young healthy adults without pathologic conditions. Performance on the SMBT and CKCUEST may be valuable as a screening tool to further assess shoulder strength.

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“…The third outcome was the visual analog scale (VAS) score for pain (range 0-10, 0 means no pain, and 10 means terrible pain). The fourth outcome was the active range of motion (ROM) 20 ; the ROM includes FF and abduction (ABD), which were measured with a universal goniometer. The hand-behind-the-back method was used to measure internal rotation (IR).…”

Section: Functional Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of arthroscopic capsular and inferior glenohumeral ligament release on function and stability for patients with frozen shoulder

Zhang

Cao²,

Liu

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background The inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL) plays an important role in maintaining shoulder joint stability. However, no systematic studies on shoulder stability and function of patients with FS after IGHL release exist. This study assessed the functional and clinical outcomes of IGHL release for FS.Methods Forty-seven patients underwent arthroscopic capsule and IGHL release with the same postoperative rehabilitation procedure. Five functional parameters were measured postoperatively at 4, 8, 12 and 28 weeks: the apprehension test result, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Score (ASES), Constant score, visual analog scale (VAS) score and active range of motion (ROM).Results All patients improved in the aforementioned evaluations. At 28 weeks, the ASES, Constant score and VAS score improved from 31.30±6.41 to 92.43±3.89, 30.15±6.85 to 90.71±4.27 and 6.73±0.72 to 0.60±0.74, respectively (p<0.05). Forward flexion (FF) and abduction (ABD) improved from 73.85±14.94 to 166.70±7.23 and from 69.65±12.74 to 165.03±6.36, respectively (p<0.05). External rotation (ER) and internal rotation (IR) also significantly improved. In total, 95% of the patients were able to perform full elevation, and 97.5% of the patients could place the dorsum of their hands between their shoulder blades. All patients had negative apprehension tests, and no dislocations occurred. No other serious postoperative complications were observed.Conclusions Arthroscopic capsule and IGHL release was effective and could improve the active ROM and relieve pain in patients with FS. This surgical procedure did not cause instability or dislocations in the shoulder joint.

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Intrarater reliability of goniometry and hand-held dynamometry for shoulder and elbow examinations in female team handball athletes and asymptomatic volunteers

Cited by 47 publications

References 23 publications

Strength and Motion in the Shoulder, Elbow, and Hip in Softball Windmill Pitchers

Strength and Motion in the Shoulder, Elbow, and Hip in Softball Windmill Pitchers

The Self-Assessment Corner for Shoulder Strength: Reliability, Validity, and Correlations With Upper Extremity Physical Performance Tests

Effects of arthroscopic capsular and inferior glenohumeral ligament release on function and stability for patients with frozen shoulder

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