Intrarenal Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme: the Old and the New

Abstract

Purpose of Review The intrarenal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS) is an independent paracrine hormonal system with an increasingly prominent role in hypertension and renal disease. Two enzyme components of this system are angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and more recently discovered ACE2. The purpose of this review is to describe recent discoveries regarding the roles of intrarenal ACE and ACE2 and their interaction. Recent Findings Renal tubular ACE contributes to salt-sensitive hypertension. Additionally, the relative expression and activity of intrarenal ACE and ACE2 are central to promoting or inhibiting different renal pathologies including renovascular hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, and renal fibrosis. Summary Renal ACE and ACE2 represent two opposing axes within the intrarenal RAS system whose interaction determines the progression of several common disease processes. While this relationship remains complex and incompletely understood, further investigations hold the potential for creating novel approaches to treating hypertension and kidney disease.

Structure analysis of the receptor binding of 2019-nCoV

“…Meanwhile, biochemical and cell-based assays can be established to screen chemical compound libraries to identify novel inhibitors. On the other hand, many ACE inhibitors are currently used to treat hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases [25]. Among them are captopril, perindopril, ramipril, lisinopril, benazepril, and moexipril.…”

Metabolomic analysis of serum and placenta in preeclampsia

“…For instance, at the concentration of 20 µg/mL, pGlu was found to inhibit 98.2 % of the activity of human ACE in vitro. ACE plays a central function of converting angiotensin (Ang ) to Ang and it has been shown to contribute to hypertension via the reninangiotensin system (RAS) [21][22][23]. However, the circulating and intrarenal RAS was supposed to be downregulated to compensate the up-regulated local uteroplacental RAS in preeclampsia [24,25].In our study, we found that the serum pGlu was increased in PE group with a fold-change value of 1.3, which may be associated with the downregulation of intrarenal RAS in preeclampsia.…”

Effectiveness of chronopharmacotherapy in salt-sensitive and salt-resistant patients with chronic heart failure and preserved ejection fraction

“…Более того, один из важных механизмов действия иАПФ -ингибирование реабсорбции натрия. В свою очередь, реабсорбция натрия рассматривается как пусковой фактор повышения АД у солечувствительных больных, регулируемый интраренальной РААС [20,21]. Вероятно, применение иАПФ вечером может сопровождаться и натрийуретическим эффектом, способствовать уменьшению объем-зависимой нагрузки на миокард и регрессу структурно-функциональных изменений ЛЖ.…”