Intrarenal ectopic adrenal tissue and renal–adrenal fusion: a report of nine cases

Renal Paraganglioma: Report of a Case Managed by Robotic Assisted Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy and Review of the Literature

“…Another possible explanation suggested for the occurrence of intrarenal paragangliomas is renal-adrenal fusion, in which the heterotopic adrenal gland is entirely contained within the renal capsule. However, such cases show only adrenal cortical tissue and lack adrenal medulla [7]. In most of the reported cases of renal paraganglioma, the ipsilateral adrenal gland was identified within the nephrectomy specimen and was morphologically unremarkable.…”

Ectopic adrenal tissue of spermatic cord in a 3- year- old boy, an incidental finding during orchidopexy: A case report

“…Microscopically, ectopic tissue usually contains only elements of adrenal cortex, but in some cases, parts of medulla can be found [1]. Whether cortical or medullar tissue comprises ectopic adrenal, depends on the time when segment of primitive adrenal separates [11]. If the event occurs before junction of medulla and cortex, only cortical tissue is found in ectopic sites [11].…”

“…Whether cortical or medullar tissue comprises ectopic adrenal, depends on the time when segment of primitive adrenal separates [11]. If the event occurs before junction of medulla and cortex, only cortical tissue is found in ectopic sites [11]. Ectopic adrenal tissue usually causes no symptoms, however, hyperplasia, adenomatous and neoplastic changes of the tissue can occur, leading to development of paraganglioma, adrenocortical carcinoma, pheocromocytoma, adrenal adenoma or Leydig cell's tumor [3,6,9,12].…”

Virilization of a Young Girl Caused by Concomitant Ectopic and Intra-Adrenal Adenomas of the Adrenal Cortex

“…Usually, ectopic adrenal tissue regresses in early infancy [25]. The adrenal cortex develops from the coelomic mesoderm of the urogenital ridge during the 5th week of gestational age and separates from it during the 8th week [26,27].…”