Intraspecific functional diversity in hosts and its effect on disease risk across a climatic gradient

Garrett, Karen A.; Zuniga, Lilian; Roncal, Elda; Forbes, G. A.; Mundt, Christopher C.; Su, Zhenqi; Nelson, Rebecca

doi:10.1890/08-0942.1

Cited by 53 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Nevertheless, both experimental and theoretical approaches support the idea that increasing functional diversity based on resistance factors would make agricultural systems less susceptible to diseases (Altieri, 1999;Zhu et al, 2000;Mundt, 2002;Bianchi et al, 2006;Garrett et al, 2009). More generally, a relationship between functional diversity and susceptibility to diseases had been demonstrated in ecological systems (Pautasso et al, 2005;Keesing et al, 2006) and this relationship can be considered at different spatial scales, one of them being the landscape (Gilligan, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of cultivated landscape composition on variety resistance: an assessment based on wheat leaf rust epidemics

et al. 2011

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Summary• In plant pathology, the idea of designing variety management strategies at the scale of cultivated landscapes is gaining more and more attention. This requires the identification of effects that take place at large scales on host and pathogen populations. Here, we show how the landscape varietal composition influences the resistance level (as measured in the field) of the most grown wheat varieties by altering the structure of the pathogen populations.• For this purpose, we jointly analysed three large datasets describing the wheat leaf rust pathosystem (Puccinia triticina ⁄ Triticum aestivum) at the country scale of France with a Bayesian hierarchical model.• We showed that among all compatible pathotypes, some were preferentially associated with a variety, that the pathotype frequencies on a variety were affected by the landscape varietal composition, and that the observed resistance level of a variety was linked to the frequency of the most aggressive pathotypes among all compatible pathotypes.• This data exploration establishes a link between the observed resistance level of a variety and landscape composition at the national scale. It illustrates that the quantitative aspects of the host-pathogen relationship have to be considered in addition to the major resistance ⁄ virulence factors in landscape epidemiology approaches.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of cultivated landscape composition on variety resistance: an assessment based on wheat leaf rust epidemics

et al. 2011

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“…The metamodel will tend to have all the limitations of the initial model, other than the requirement for higher resolution input data, and may have additional limitations, as well (though it may be less sensitive to outliers). In the case of potato late blight, SimCast provides an estimate of daily disease risk, but does not incorporate factors such as the potential 'compound interest' buildup of pathogen populations through the season (e.g., Garrett et al 2009Garrett et al , 2011. There is also the potential for pathogen populations to evolve such that temperature optima shift, or so that resistance to the pathogen population is less effective.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A metamodeling framework for extending the application domain of process-based ecological models

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Process-based ecological models used to assess organisms' responses to environmental conditions often need input data at a high temporal resolution, e.g., hourly or daily weather data. Such input data may not be available at a high spatial resolution for large areas, limiting opportunities to use such models. Here we present a metamodeling framework to develop reduced form ecological models that use lower resolution input data than the original process models. We used generalized additive models to create metamodels for an existing model that uses hourly data to predict risk of potato late blight, caused by the plant pathogen Phytophthora infestans. The metamodels used daily or monthly weather data, and their predictions maintained the key features of the original model. This approach can be applied to other complex models, allowing them to be used more widely.

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“…Networks may provide a tool to test mechanisms linking plant diversity and ecosystem susceptibility to plant pathogens: (i) insurance hypothesis: the presence of some nodes (species) insures against the disappearance of others; (ii) redundancy hypothesis: some nodes can be removed without damage to the system; (iii) idiosyncratic hypothesis: the response of the network to the removal of nodes is not simply predictable; (iv) rivet hypothesis: some nodes have a more important role than others in providing stability; and (v) null hypothesis: network functionality is independent of the number of nodes (97). There is increasing observational, experimental, and theoretical evidence that higher intra-and interspecific diversity of plant hosts is associated with lower impact of plant pathogens and pests (36,57,62,71,91,116), but we are still far from understanding the regulating or synergistic effects of the co-occurrence of different plant pathogens and pests in the same ecosystem or over large regions (19,126,133).…”

Section: Network and The Complexity-stability Debatementioning

confidence: 99%

Networks in Plant Epidemiology: From Genes to Landscapes, Countries, and Continents

Moslonka‐Lefebvre¹,

Finley²,

Dorigatti³

et al. 2011

Phytopathology®

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Networks are sets of nodes connected by links in various ways (Box 1). Although the properties of random networks have already been systematically investigated in the 1960s, a growing body of literature is now using networks in a range of ecological applications, including the study and management of human, animal, and plant diseases (29,49,58,80,131) (Fig. 1). Given the generality and flexibility of the approach, network representations can be used at a variety of levels in plant pathology, from gene expression during host-pathogen interactions, to the development of plant epidemics among fields, farms, and landscapes and to trade movement of plants infected by pathogens or infested by insects among regions and countries.Network structure has profound effects on the dynamics of an epidemic within a population (51,61,127). In today's globally connected world, social and transportation networks play a crucial role in the spread of human infectious diseases (21,53,83). A network approach provides insights into the transmission of infectious diseases also in animals more generally (40,45,78,137). Although there is an increasing interdisciplinary application of networks in epidemiology, relatively little attention has been paid to these analytical approaches in plant sciences. Hence the need for this review, which aims to summarize recent progress in this rapidly developing field and to highlight research challenges specific to plant pathology.In today's plant pathology, as in other fields, there is a need for integrating investigations at the molecular, mycelium, plant, regional and international scale (9,48,102,111,118,120,132). Networks can provide such a unifying framework. They can be (i) perceived at an abstract level (e.g., fungal species occurring on the same plant species host), (ii) materialized by a physical structure (e.g., the root system of plant individuals connected by mycorrhiza, or vice versa), and (iii) underlying flows of energy, matter or information (e.g., the exchanges of knowledge, equipment and money among farmers, plant health consultants, researchers and phytopharmaceutical companies). There is increasing use of networks in ecology and epidemiology, but still relatively little application in phytopathology. Networks are sets of elements (nodes) connected in various ways by links (edges). Network analysis aims to understand system dynamics and outcomes in relation to network characteristics. Many existing natural, social, and technological networks have been shown to have small-world (local connectivity with short-cuts) and scale-free (presence of superconnected nodes) properties. In this review, we discuss how network concepts can be applied in plant pathology from the molecular to the landscape and global level. Wherever disease spread occurs not just because of passive/natural dispersion but also due to artificial movements, it makes sense to superimpose realistic models of the trade in plants on spatially explicit models of epidemic development. We provide an example of an emerging pat...

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Intraspecific functional diversity in hosts and its effect on disease risk across a climatic gradient

Cited by 53 publications

References 46 publications

Influence of cultivated landscape composition on variety resistance: an assessment based on wheat leaf rust epidemics

Influence of cultivated landscape composition on variety resistance: an assessment based on wheat leaf rust epidemics

A metamodeling framework for extending the application domain of process-based ecological models

Networks in Plant Epidemiology: From Genes to Landscapes, Countries, and Continents

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