Intraspecific polyploidy of Parnassia palustris var. multiseta (Saxifragaceae s.l.) collected in Primorye and Altai Territories, Russia

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Forty plants of Parnassia palustris var. multiseta collected in nine localities in Russia were studied in chromosome botany. They showed differentiation of the somatic chromosome numbers of 2n=18, 27 and 36, that could be diploid, triploid and tetraploid, respectively, of which the chromosome number of 2n=27 was reported here for the first time. The plants of 2n=18 and 36 chromosomes had commonly high pollen stainability and showed significantly different pollen grains in size from each other. The Parnassia palustris complex has been reported various different chromosome numbers from 2n=18 to 54 included in aneuploidy and autoploidy by many researchers (e.g., Erlandsson 1942;Kliphuis et al. 1965;Krogulevich 1978;Engelskjon 1979;Löve and Löve 1982;Gornall 1985;Funamoto 1986;Hultgård 1987; Gornarl and Wentworth 1993;Funamoto et al. 1994Funamoto et al. , 2002Wentworth and Gornall 1996;Lövkvisk and Hultgård 1999). KEYWORDS:In 2003 and 2004, we made field trips in Primorye and Altai Territories, Russia. According to Czerepanov (1995), these Territories record three species of Parnassia and we collected and studied P. palustris L. var. multiseta Ledeb. in somatic metaphase chromosomes and pollen grains. MATERIALS AND METHODSTotal 40 living samples of Parnassia palustris L. var. multiseta Ledeb. were collected in ten sites in nine localities in Primorye and Altai Territories, Russia ( Fig. 1; Table 1). These plants were cultivated in pots in shade place in the experimental garden of Showa Pharmaceutical University. Mitotic metaphase chromosomes were prepared in meristematic cells in fresh root-tips. Fresh root-tips were cut off in 5-10 mm long and pretreated in 2mM 8-hydroxyquinoline for 4h at ca 20°C before they were fixed in 45% acetic acid for 10 min at ca 2°C. They were macerated in a mixture of 1N hydrochloric-acid and 45% acetic-acid (1:1) for 20-23 sec at ca 60°C, were stained in 2% aceto-orcein for ca 30 min at room temperature in a moist chamber with 45% acetic-acid and then, were squashed in 2% aceto-orcein by the conventional method.Classification of Chromosome complements by the centromeric positions at mitotic metaphase followed Levan et al. (1964).Pollen grains were stained with 2% aceto-orcein to count at least first 3,000 grains for pollen stainability. After the photography, sizes of pollen grains were measured in length and width with a dial caliper, and analyzed with significant t-test.

Once more: Intraspecific polyploidy of Parnassia palustris var. multiseta (Saxifragaceae sensu lato) collected in the Altai Mountains in Russia and Mongolia

“…Variability in chromosome number was firstly reported in the Parnassia palustris complex in the Altai Mountains in Russia by Funamoto et al (2006). Thus, the present report is the second finding of the intraspecific cytotypes in the Parnassia palustris complex in the Russian and Mongolian Altai.…”

“…Cytological studies of the Parnassia palustris complex have been previously reported to have 13 different chromosome numbers from 2n=17 to 54 include in aneuploid and autoploid by numerous researchers (e.g., Erlandsson 1942;Kliphuis et al 1965;Krogulevich 1978;Engelskjon 1979;Gornall 1985;Funamoto 1986;Hultgård 1987;Gornall and Wentworth 1993;Funamoto et al 1994Funamoto et al , 2002Funamoto et al , 2006Wentworth and Gornall 1996;Lövkvist and Hultgård 1999;Borgen and Hultgård 2003).…”

Karyomorphological Studies in Some Species of Parnassia L. (Saxifragaceae s.l.) in East Asia and Intraspecific Polyploidy of P. palustris L.

“…of pollen grains showed significant difference between the plants of 2n = 18 and 2n = 36 with P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 levels, respectively. Sizes of pollen grains could be correlated with polyploid levels [22,23]. Similar results were reported with Japanese Deutzia crenata [40][41][42] and Japanese Hydrangea paniculata [43].…”

“…Intraspecific polyploid of 2n = 18 and 36 for P. oreophylla, P. viridiflora, and P. laxmannii, and that of 2n = 18, 27, 36, 45, and 54 for P. palustris were reported, especially this polyploidy for P. palustris was found in Scandinavia [20,21] and Great Britain [34,35], and 2n = 27 and 45 chromosomes were also found in Russia [22,23]. of pollen grains showed significant difference between the plants of 2n = 18 and 2n = 36 with P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 levels, respectively.…”

“…These cytological phenomena speculated that the two plant strains with the chromosome numbers of 2n = 27 and 2n = 45 might be isolated by pollination between nondisjunction diploid gametes producing diploid and tetraploid ovules (2x and 4x) and normal male gamete for diploid pollen (x), since any plant with the chromosome number of 2n = 27 has never been found within the populations of the plants with the chromosome number of 2n = 36. This factor might be caused by various geographical conditions and extremes of climate temperature [22,23].…”