Intraspecific Variation, Adaptation, and Evolution

O’Dell, Ryan E.; Rajakaruna, Nishanta

doi:10.1525/california/9780520268357.003.0005

Cited by 54 publications

(62 citation statements)

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“…Species such as Aegilops , with such broad ecological amplitude that they can invade soils supporting quite different resident communities, may often display soil ecotypes that are differentially adapted with respect to uptake and transport of nutrients, water and/or ions (O'Dell & Rajakaruna ). The two genotypes of Aegilops found in northern California appear to be found on different soils within our study region (Meimberg et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retracted: Does natural variation in diversity affect biotic resistance?

Harrison¹,

Cornell²,

Grace

2015

Journal of Ecology

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Summary Theories linking diversity to ecosystem function have been challenged by the widespread observation of more exotic species in more diverse native communities. Few studies have addressed the key underlying process by dissecting how community diversity is shaped by the same environmental gradients that determine biotic and abiotic resistance to new invaders. In grasslands on highly heterogeneous soils, we used addition of a recent invader, competitor removal and structural equation modelling (SEM) to analyse soil influences on community diversity, biotic and abiotic resistance and invader success. Biotic resistance, measured by reduction in invader success in the presence of the resident community, was negatively correlated with species richness and functional diversity. However, in the multivariate SEM framework, biotic resistance was independent of all forms of diversity and was positively affected by soil fertility via community biomass. Abiotic resistance, measured by invader success in the absence of the resident community, peaked on infertile soils with low biomass and high community diversity. Net invader success was determined by biotic resistance, consistent with this invader's better performance on infertile soils in unmanipulated conditions. Seed predation added slightly to biotic resistance without qualitatively changing the results. Soil‐related genotypic variation in the invader also did not affect the results. Synthesis. In natural systems, diversity may be correlated with invasibility and yet have no effect on either biotic or abiotic resistance to invasion. More generally, the environmental causes of variation in diversity should not be overlooked when considering the potential functional consequences of diversity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retracted: Does natural variation in diversity affect biotic resistance?

Harrison¹,

Cornell²,

Grace

2015

Journal of Ecology

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“…Due to the severe selection pressure resulting from metal toxicity, they also offer outstanding examples of microevolution and speciation processes and very often host rare endemic taxa adapted to elevated concentrations of heavy metals (Antonovics et al 1971, Rajakaruna 2004, Harrison & Rajakaruna 2011. Small scale variation in edaphic conditions in metalliferous sites have been demonstrated to affect physiological and evolutionary process (Malaisse et al 1983, Bizoux et al 2008, O'Dell & Rajakaruna 2011, Yost et al 2012, species distribution (Rajakaruna 2004) and, ultimately, variation in plant assemblages (Ernst 1974, Bizoux et al 2004, Tsiripidis et al 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-scale diversity of plant communities and distribution of species niches on a copper rock outcrop in Upper Katanga, D.R.Congo

Ilunga¹,

Séleck²,

Colinet³

et al. 2013

Plecevo

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“…Both Ca and Mg concentrations presented here were much lower than concentrations found by Kazakou et al (2010) in 21 plant species, including dicots, collected in situ at four serpentine sites in Lesbos Island but within the range of concentrations for 14 different vascular plants at a serpentine site in Maine, USA (Pope et al 2010). Different reports demonstrated that grasses have a lower Ca requirement than dicots because their Type II cell walls are composed of cellulose fibers encased in glucuronoarabinoxylans and contain high levels of hydroxycinnamates with very low levels of pectin and structural proteins (Vogel 2008; O’Dell and Rajakaruna 2011; Marschner 2012). The Ca:Mg ratio < 1.0 found in leaves for our study populations resulted from lower concentrations of Ca.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential elemental uptake in three pseudo-metallophyte C4 grasses in situ in the eastern USA

et al. 2017

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Background and aims Elemental uptake in serpentine floras in eastern North America is largely unknown. The objective of this study was to determine major and trace element concentrations in soil and leaves of three native pseudo-metallophyte C4 grasses in situ at five sites with three very different soil types, including three serpentine sites, in eastern USA. Methods Pseudo-total and extractible concentrations of 15 elements were measured and correlated from the soils and leaves of three species at the five sites. Results Element concentrations in soils of pseudo-metallophytes varied up to five orders of magnitude. Soils from metalliferous sites exhibited higher concentrations of their characteristic elements than non-metalliferous. In metallicolous populations, elemental concentrations depended on the element. Concentrations of major elements (Ca, Mg, K) in leaves were lower than typical toxicity thresholds, whereas concentrations of Zn were higher. Conclusions In grasses, species can maintain relatively low metal concentrations in their leaves even when soil concentrations are richer. However, in highly Zn-contaminated soil, we found evidence of a threshold concentration above which Zn uptake increases drastically. Finally, absence of main characteristics of serpentine soil at one site indicated the importance of soil survey and restoration to maintain serpentinophytes communities and avoid soil encroachment.

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Intraspecific Variation, Adaptation, and Evolution

Cited by 54 publications

References 0 publications

Retracted: Does natural variation in diversity affect biotic resistance?

Retracted: Does natural variation in diversity affect biotic resistance?

Small-scale diversity of plant communities and distribution of species niches on a copper rock outcrop in Upper Katanga, D.R.Congo

Differential elemental uptake in three pseudo-metallophyte C4 grasses in situ in the eastern USA

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