Intraspecific variation in the metabolic scaling exponent in ectotherms: Testing the effect of latitudinal cline, ontogeny and transgenerational change in the land snail Cornu aspersum

Gaitán‐Espitía, Juan Diego; Bruning, Andrea; Mondaca, Fredy; Nespolo, Roberto F.

doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.03.002

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This land snail exhibits a great shell variation across geographical regions [43] and is characterized by physiological and morphological adaptations (e.g., metabolic depression, reduction of water-loss rate, thicker shell, reduced shell aperture, thicker epiphragm and supercooling ability) that enable it to inhabit dryer, colder and/or hotter environments by increasing the amount of time the snail can remain inactive [44]–[46]. Additionally, empirical evidence suggests that C. aspersum snails are energetically constrained by the mode of locomotion [47] and the cost of shell production during ontogeny [48].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Six hundred adult snails of approximately same body mass (mean ± SD; 4.21±0.63 g, with an approximate age of less than one year) [48] were collected by hand from gardens and parks in each one of the three localities (Total snails = 1800), placed in plastic containers and transferred to the laboratory at the Universidad Austral de Chile in Valdivia. According to their original populations, animals were identified with shell numbers and housed in plastic cages (60×60×13 cm) filled with 10 cm of humid soil.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to achieve a post-absorptive state, metabolic rate was measured in 18 h food deprived individuals [29]. All metabolic trials were performed during the day, when land snails are inactive, corresponding to the rest phase in this species [48]. All individuals were weighed at the beginning and at the end of the test period (i.e., 45 min), recording the mean body mass (Mb) and body size.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation in Thermal Sensitivity and Thermal Tolerances in an Invasive Species across a Climatic Gradient: Lessons from the Land Snail Cornu aspersum

et al. 2013

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The ability of organisms to perform at different temperatures could be described by a continuous nonlinear reaction norm (i.e., thermal performance curve, TPC), in which the phenotypic trait value varies as a function of temperature. Almost any shift in the parameters of this performance curve could highlight the direct effect of temperature on organism fitness, providing a powerful framework for testing thermal adaptation hypotheses. Inter-and intraspecific differences in this performance curve are also reflected in thermal tolerances limits (e.g., critical and lethal limits), influencing the biogeographic patterns of species’ distribution. Within this context, here we investigated the intraspecific variation in thermal sensitivities and thermal tolerances in three populations of the invasive snail Cornu aspersum across a geographical gradient, characterized by different climatic conditions. Thus, we examined population differentiation in the TPCs, thermal-coma recovery times, expression of heat-shock proteins and standard metabolic rate (i.e., energetic costs of physiological differentiation). We tested two competing hypotheses regarding thermal adaptation (the “hotter is better” and the generalist-specialist trade-offs). Our results show that the differences in thermal sensitivity among populations of C. aspersum follow a latitudinal pattern, which is likely the result of a combination of thermodynamic constraints (“hotter is better”) and thermal adaptations to their local environments (generalist-specialist trade-offs). This finding is also consistent with some thermal tolerance indices such as the Heat-Shock Protein Response and the recovery time from chill-coma. However, mixed responses in the evaluated traits suggest that thermal adaptation in this species is not complete, as we were not able to detect any differences in neither energetic costs of physiological differentiation among populations, nor in the heat-coma recovery.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation in Thermal Sensitivity and Thermal Tolerances in an Invasive Species across a Climatic Gradient: Lessons from the Land Snail Cornu aspersum

et al. 2013

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“…This hypothesis predicts that ontogenetic changes in growth rate should cause temporally associated shifts in the metabolic scaling exponent (b) (Glazier, 2005). First, in many animals and plants, b tends to be higher during early developmental stages when growth is rapid than during later developmental stages when growth has slowed down (Riisgård, 1998;Glazier, 2005;Hunt von Herbing, 2006;Czarnołeski et al, 2008;Peng et al, 2010;Rombough, 2011;Gaitán-Espitia et al, 2013;Jensen et al, 2013). First, in many animals and plants, b tends to be higher during early developmental stages when growth is rapid than during later developmental stages when growth has slowed down (Riisgård, 1998;Glazier, 2005;Hunt von Herbing, 2006;Czarnołeski et al, 2008;Peng et al, 2010;Rombough, 2011;Gaitán-Espitia et al, 2013;Jensen et al, 2013).…”

Section: (2) Cause Versus Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is metabolic rate a universal ‘pacemaker’ for biological processes?

2014

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A common, long-held belief is that metabolic rate drives the rates of various biological, ecological and evolutionary processes. Although this metabolic pacemaker view (as assumed by the recent, influential 'metabolic theory of ecology') may be true in at least some situations (e.g. those involving moderate temperature effects or physiological processes closely linked to metabolism, such as heartbeat and breathing rate), it suffers from several major limitations, including: (i) it is supported chiefly by indirect, correlational evidence (e.g. similarities between the body-size and temperature scaling of metabolic rate and that of other biological processes, which are not always observed) - direct, mechanistic or experimental support is scarce and much needed; (ii) it is contradicted by abundant evidence showing that various intrinsic and extrinsic factors (e.g. hormonal action and temperature changes) can dissociate the rates of metabolism, growth, development and other biological processes; (iii) there are many examples where metabolic rate appears to respond to, rather than drive the rates of various other biological processes (e.g. ontogenetic growth, food intake and locomotor activity); (iv) there are additional examples where metabolic rate appears to be unrelated to the rate of a biological process (e.g. ageing, circadian rhythms, and molecular evolution); and (v) the theoretical foundation for the metabolic pacemaker view focuses only on the energetic control of biological processes, while ignoring the importance of informational control, as mediated by various genetic, cellular, and neuroendocrine regulatory systems. I argue that a comprehensive understanding of the pace of life must include how biological activities depend on both energy and information and their environmentally sensitive interaction. This conclusion is supported by extensive evidence showing that hormones and other regulatory factors and signalling systems coordinate the processes of growth, metabolism and food intake in adaptive ways that are responsive to an organism's internal and external conditions. Metabolic rate does not merely dictate growth rate, but is coadjusted with it. Energy and information use are intimately intertwined in living systems: biological signalling pathways both control and respond to the energetic state of an organism. This review also reveals that we have much to learn about the temporal structure of the pace of life. Are its component processes highly integrated and synchronized, or are they loosely connected and often discordant? And what causes the level of coordination that we see? These questions are of great theoretical and practical importance.

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“…These populations are genetically differentiated [26] and have been subject of at least three different events of introduction during the last century [27]. Such factors could underlie the physiological differences exhibited by these populations [25], [28], which are probably evidenced by the divergence of those genes related to the OXPHOS and ETC. Results from our comparative genomic analysis revealed that the mitochondrial genome of C. aspersum encodes for the 37 genes typical of most metazoans, and is characterized by the highly conserved gene order and gene content of pulmonate gastropods, with only few gene rearrangements that are shared within Helicidae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Land Snail Cornu aspersum (Helicidae: Mollusca): Intra-Specific Divergence of Protein-Coding Genes and Phylogenetic Considerations within Euthyneura

2013

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The complete sequences of three mitochondrial genomes from the land snail Cornu aspersum were determined. The mitogenome has a length of 14050 bp, and it encodes 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and two ribosomal RNA genes. It also includes nine small intergene spacers, and a large AT-rich intergenic spacer. The intra-specific divergence analysis revealed that COX1 has the lower genetic differentiation, while the most divergent genes were NADH1, NADH3 and NADH4. With the exception of Euhadra herklotsi, the structural comparisons showed the same gene order within the family Helicidae, and nearly identical gene organization to that found in order Pulmonata. Phylogenetic reconstruction recovered Basommatophora as polyphyletic group, whereas Eupulmonata and Pulmonata as paraphyletic groups. Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood analyses showed that C. aspersum is a close relative of Cepaea nemoralis, and with the other Helicidae species form a sister group of Albinaria caerulea, supporting the monophyly of the Stylommatophora clade.

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Intraspecific variation in the metabolic scaling exponent in ectotherms: Testing the effect of latitudinal cline, ontogeny and transgenerational change in the land snail Cornu aspersum

Cited by 30 publications

References 38 publications

Variation in Thermal Sensitivity and Thermal Tolerances in an Invasive Species across a Climatic Gradient: Lessons from the Land Snail Cornu aspersum

Variation in Thermal Sensitivity and Thermal Tolerances in an Invasive Species across a Climatic Gradient: Lessons from the Land Snail Cornu aspersum

Is metabolic rate a universal ‘pacemaker’ for biological processes?

The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Land Snail Cornu aspersum (Helicidae: Mollusca): Intra-Specific Divergence of Protein-Coding Genes and Phylogenetic Considerations within Euthyneura

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