Intraspecific variations in macronutrient, amino acid, and fatty acid composition of mass-cultured Teleaulax amphioxeia (Cryptophyceae) strains

Abstract

To compare the nutritional quality of TPG (Teleaulax / Plagioselmis / Geminigera) clade species of cryptomonads with that of RHO (Rhodomonas / Rhinomonas / Storeatula) clade species 6 Teleaulax amphioxeia (TA) and 1 Rhinomonas sp. strains were mass-cultured in newly designed 500-L photobioreactors to the end of exponential growth phase. Intraspecific variations (IVs) in terms of one standard deviation among the 6 TA strains in the compositions of the three macronutrients were 41.5 (protein), 89.8 (lipid), and 15.6% (carbohydrate) of the mean. When harvested from stationary growth phase mean compositions of essential amino acids (EAAs, 47.3%) and non-EAAs (52.7%) of the 2 TA strains, CR-MAL07 and CR-MAL08-2, were similar to those of a Chroomonas strain. The IVs between the 2 TA strains in the composition of EAAs (10.3 and 2.4) and non-EAAs (8.5 and 2.1% of the mean) were rather smaller than those of saturated fatty acids (30.3 and 26.1) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs, 12.0 and 12.5% of the mean) in f/2-Si and urea-based compound fertilizer (UCF) culture media, respectively. Mean compositions of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 17.9%) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 12.7%) of total fatty acids of the 2 TA strains were higher than those that of a Chroomonas strain. EPA and DHA compositions exhibited similar level of IVs between the 2 TA strains in f/2-Si (14.6 and 11.0) and UCF media (12.6 and 13.5% of the mean). Thus, the nutritional quality in terms of amino acids, UFAs, EPA, and DHA in a TPG clade species, T. amphioxeia was comparable to those of RHO clade species with notable IVs. Practically, biotechnological targets for TPG clade cryptomonad strains might be subspecies or clone level.

Combined Effects of Temperature, Irradiance, and pH on Teleaulax amphioxeia (Cryptophyceae) Physiology and Feeding Ratio For Its Predator Mesodinium rubrum (Ciliophora)1

“…Furthermore, controlling the pH of T. amphioxeia cultures may be not necessary as this species appears to tolerate pH from 6.0 (this study, data not shown) up to 9.4 (Smith and Hansen 2007). Thanks to the factorial design experiment, the present study determined the optimal conditions to obtain a large biomass that may be useful to exploit the beneficial role of T. amphioxeia as a food enrichment (Peltomaa et al 2018 andLee et al 2019). This approach also provided information on factors driving the bloom initiation of T. amphioxeia.…”

“… and Lee et al. ). This approach also provided information on factors driving the bloom initiation of T. amphioxeia .…”

“…Indeed, Lee et al. () reported that several strains of T. amphioxeia isolated from cold and temperate waters (i.e., 5.4 to 28.9°C) can all be acclimated to the same temperature in the laboratory (i.e., 20°C). Our results also showed that T. amphioxeia was able to grow under stress conditions across all the experimental domain except under high temperature (>22.6°C), high irradiance (>646 μmol photons · m −2 · s −1 ) or the combination of both (i.e., n°13, 4, 11 and 16 in Table in the Supporting Information).…”

“…Teleaulax amphioxeia can also tolerate or acclimate to other abiotic factors. Indeed, Lee et al (2019) TABLE 3. Comparison between maximum growth rate (lmax, d À1 ), maximum cellular concentration (cells Á mL À1 ), maximum quantum yield of the photosystem 2 (F v /F m ), chlorophyll a total (TChl a, pg Á cell À1 ), chlorophyll c (Chl c, pg Á cell À1 ), and carotenoids total (TCarotenoids, pg Á cell À1 ) of Mesodinium rubrum fed at different prey:predator ratios; high fed and low fed of Teleaulax amphioxeia itself acclimated to low-light (LL) and high-light (HL) conditions, and M. rubrum and T. amphioxeia controls.…”

The Potential of Cryptophyte Algae in Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications

“…Further, cryptophyte cells can be broken and processed more easily than diatoms or dinoflagellates for commercial applications ( Scholz et al, 2014 ). Cryptophytes from the TPG ( Teleaulax / Plagioselmis / Geminigera ) and RHO ( Rhodomonas / Rhinomonas / Storeatula ) clades have been suggested as possible species for biotechnological purposes in the areas of health improvement, solar energy exploitation, and aquaculture ( Lee et al, 2019 ). The aim of this review is to summarize the promising microalgal compounds, with special emphasis on compounds derived from cryptophyte algae.…”