“…However, studies have shown that morphine use can increase inflammation and mortality at the injured site, and minocycline pretreatment can not only reduce the number of macrophages at the lesion site, particularly pro-inflammatory macrophages, but also block the negative effects of morphine on functional recovery after injury [ 239 ]. However, the author's further studies demonstrated that minocycline could only prevent the harmful effects of a single intrathecal morphine injection but could not prevent the adverse effects of repeated morphine injections [ 240 ]. More research is needed to determine the viability of using it in conjunction with opioids to treat SCI.…”