Intratracheal Ectopic Thyroid Tissue Mass

Muysoms, Filip; Boedts, M; Claeys, D.

doi:10.1378/chest.112.6.1684

Cited by 32 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Plausible explanations for this entity may be the division of the developing thyroid caused by the trachea and its cartilage rings or an ingrowth of thyroid tissue into the tracheal lumen. The latter is due to a developmental defect of the mesenchymal tissue between the thyroid and the trachea, allowing the primitive thyroid to adhere to the trachea (32). Intratracheal ectopic thyroid can occur at any age, but predominantly between the ages of 30 and 50 years, mainly in females (33).…”

Section: Other Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients usually present with cough, difficulty in swallowing, dyspnea, hemoptysis, and stridor, as a result of upper airway obstruction, or can be asymptomatic. A normally functioning orthotopic thyroid usually coexists and, hence, patients are euthyroid (32,33).…”

Section: Other Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some ectopies, other diagnostic tools, such as the endoscopic evaluation of intratracheal thyroid, are valuable. In these cases, ectopic thyroid usually presents as a smooth reddish-brown submucosal mass in a subglottic posterolateral position (32,76).…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lingual thyroid must also be differentiated from other swellings at the base of the tongue, such as hypertropic lingual tonsil, vallecular cyst, and mucous retention cyst (61). Differential diagnosis of intratracheal ectopic thyroid includes other benign conditions, such as papilloma, enchondroma, osteoma, and amyloid deposits, as well as malignant diseases other than thyroid carcinoma, such as chondrosarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or lymphoma (32,77). Differential diagnosis for mediastinal thyroid includes germ cell tumors, neurogenic tumors, lymphomas, and thymic and mesenchymal tumors (36).…”

Section: Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ectopic thyroid tissue: anatomical, clinical, and surgical implications of a rare entity

Noussios

Anagnostis²,

Goulis³

et al. 2011

European Journal of Endocrinology

326

429

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Ectopic thyroid tissue is a rare entity resulting from developmental defects at early stages of thyroid gland embryogenesis, during its passage from the floor of the primitive foregut to its final pre-tracheal position. It is frequently found around the course of the thyroglossal duct or laterally in the neck, as well as in distant places such as the mediastinum and the subdiaphragmatic organs. Although most cases are asymptomatic, symptoms related to tumor size and its relationship with surrounding tissues may also appear. Any disease affecting the thyroid gland may also involve the ectopic thyroid, including malignancy. The clinician must distinguish between ectopic thyroid and metastatic deposits emerging from an orthotopic gland, as well as other benign or malignant masses. Thyroid scintigraphy plays the most important role in diagnosing ectopy, but ultrasonography contributes as well. In cases of symptomatic disease, surgery is the treatment of choice, followed by radioiodine ablation and levothyroxine suppression therapy in more refractory cases. This review provides current understanding about the wide clinical spectrum of this rare condition, also referring to optimal diagnostic approach, differential diagnosis, and management strategies.

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Section: Other Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Other Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ectopic thyroid tissue: anatomical, clinical, and surgical implications of a rare entity

Noussios

Anagnostis²,

Goulis³

et al. 2011

European Journal of Endocrinology

326

429

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Flow-volume loops on spirometry demonstrate the physiology of a fixed upper airway lesion (6). Radiographically, CT scan or MRI best characterize the configuration and size of the EITT and delineates any connection to the external thyroid gland.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%