Intratumorally CpG immunotherapy with carbon nanotubes inhibits local tumor growth and liver metastasis by suppressing the epithelial–mesenchymal transition of colon cancer cells

Jin, Hao; Gao, Sujie; Song, Defeng; Liu, Yiting; Chen, Xuebo

doi:10.1097/cad.0000000000001000

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Additionally, there was a substantial decrease in the expression of EMT-related markers such as vimentin, Snail, and fibronectin 51 . In another study, epithelial cell marker E-cadherin expression increased in vivo in xenograft mice tumours, while vimentin was downregulated following CNT-CpG treatment (Figure 6 ) 52 .…”

Section: Nanomaterials As Nanovectorsmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Natural and synthetic nanovectors for cancer therapy

Eftekhari¹,

Kryschi²,

Pamies³

et al. 2023

Nanotheranostics

103

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Nanomaterials have been extensively studied in cancer therapy as vectors that may improve drug delivery. Such vectors not only bring numerous advantages such as stability, biocompatibility, and cellular uptake but have also been shown to overcome some cancer-related resistances. Nanocarrier can deliver the drug more precisely to the specific organ while improving its pharmacokinetics, thereby avoiding secondary adverse effects on the not target tissue. Between these nanovectors, diverse material types can be discerned, such as liposomes, dendrimers, carbon nanostructures, nanoparticles, nanowires, etc., each of which offers different opportunities for cancer therapy. In this review, a broad spectrum of nanovectors is analyzed for application in multimodal cancer therapy and diagnostics in terms of mode of action and pharmacokinetics. Advantages and inconveniences of promising nanovectors, including gold nanostructures, SPIONs, semiconducting quantum dots, various nanostructures, phospholipid-based liposomes, dendrimers, polymeric micelles, extracellular and exome vesicles are summarized. The article is concluded with a future outlook on this promising field.

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Section: Nanomaterials As Nanovectorsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…(b) Treated cells were stained with DAPI and an anti-SMAD2/3 antibody. (c and d) Messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of EMT marker genes were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot, respectively 52 . Reproduced with permission.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Natural and synthetic nanovectors for cancer therapy

Eftekhari¹,

Kryschi²,

Pamies³

et al. 2023

Nanotheranostics

103

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“…This system could inhibit tumor growth [ 91 ]. Jin et al found that CNT-coupled CpG complex, in addition to showing significant anti-tumor effects in glioma, could also effectively treat local colon tumors and liver metastases, thus showing promise in related target therapy [ 173 ]. In addition to anti-tumor effects, CNTs can be used to evaluate the efficacy of tumor immunotherapies.…”

Section: Biomaterials Used In Tumor Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging biomaterials for tumor immunotherapy

et al. 2023

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Background The immune system interacts with cancer cells in various intricate ways that can protect the individual from overproliferation of cancer cells; however, these interactions can also lead to malignancy. There has been a dramatic increase in the application of cancer immunotherapy in the last decade. However, low immunogenicity, poor specificity, weak presentation efficiency, and off-target side effects still limit its widespread application. Fortunately, advanced biomaterials effectively contribute immunotherapy and play an important role in cancer treatment, making it a research hotspot in the biomedical field. Main body This review discusses immunotherapies and the development of related biomaterials for application in the field. The review first summarizes the various types of tumor immunotherapy applicable in clinical practice as well as their underlying mechanisms. Further, it focuses on the types of biomaterials applied in immunotherapy and related research on metal nanomaterials, silicon nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, polymer nanoparticles, and cell membrane nanocarriers. Moreover, we introduce the preparation and processing technologies of these biomaterials (liposomes, microspheres, microneedles, and hydrogels) and summarize their mechanisms when applied to tumor immunotherapy. Finally, we discuss future advancements and shortcomings related to the application of biomaterials in tumor immunotherapy. Conclusion Research on biomaterial-based tumor immunotherapy is booming; however, several challenges remain to be overcome to transition from experimental research to clinical application. Biomaterials have been optimized continuously and nanotechnology has achieved continuous progression, ensuring the development of more efficient biomaterials, thereby providing a platform and opportunity for breakthroughs in tumor immunotherapy. Graphical Abstract

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“…Several studies reported the effectiveness of CNTs in cancer diagnosis and therapy, and CpG-conjugated CNTs to increase CpG uptake in mouse colon cancer cells and activate nuclear transcription factor kappa β signaling. The conjugated CpG-CNT successfully attenuated the local xenograft tumor growth and liver metastasis [54]. In contrast to their non-functional counterparts, single-walled CNT/II-NCC fluorescein-functionalized composites displayed intrinsic activity on cancer cell lines (Colon cancer cell lines-Caco-2).…”

Section: Carbon Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theranostics Nanomedicine Applications for Colorectal Cancer and Metastasis: Recent Advances

Kasi

Mallela

Ambrożkiewicz

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, and metastatic CRC is a fatal disease. The CRC-affected tissues show several molecular markers that could be used as a fresh strategy to create newer methods of treating the condition. The liver and the peritoneum are where metastasis occurs most frequently. Once the tumor has metastasized to the liver, peritoneal carcinomatosis is frequently regarded as the disease’s final stage. However, nearly 50% of CRC patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis do not have liver metastases. New diagnostic and therapeutic approaches must be developed due to the disease’s poor response to present treatment choices in advanced stages and the necessity of an accurate diagnosis in the early stages. Many unique and amazing nanomaterials with promise for both diagnosis and treatment may be found in nanotechnology. Numerous nanomaterials and nanoformulations, including carbon nanotubes, dendrimers, liposomes, silica nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, metal-organic frameworks, core-shell polymeric nano-formulations, and nano-emulsion systems, among others, can be used for targeted anticancer drug delivery and diagnostic purposes in CRC. Theranostic approaches combined with nanomedicine have been proposed as a revolutionary approach to improve CRC detection and treatment. This review highlights recent studies, potential, and challenges for the development of nanoplatforms for the detection and treatment of CRC.

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Intratumorally CpG immunotherapy with carbon nanotubes inhibits local tumor growth and liver metastasis by suppressing the epithelial–mesenchymal transition of colon cancer cells

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

Natural and synthetic nanovectors for cancer therapy

Natural and synthetic nanovectors for cancer therapy

Emerging biomaterials for tumor immunotherapy

Theranostics Nanomedicine Applications for Colorectal Cancer and Metastasis: Recent Advances

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